UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION
Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(Amendment No. )

Filed by the Registrant  x                             Filed by a party other than the Registrant  ¨
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¨Preliminary Proxy Statement
¨Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))
xDefinitive Proxy Statement
¨Definitive Additional Materials
¨Soliciting Material under § 240.14a-12
Fitbit, Inc.
(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement if Other Than Thethe Registrant)
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fitbitlogoimagea12.jpg

April 13, 201711, 2019
To Our Stockholders:
You are cordially invited to attend the 20172019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or Annual Meeting, of Fitbit, Inc., which will be held virtually on Thursday, May 25, 2017,23, 2019, at 11:00 a.m. (Pacific Time). The Annual Meeting can be accessed by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/FIT2017,FIT2019, where you will be able to listen to the meeting live, submit questions, and vote online. We believe that a virtual stockholder meeting provides greater access to those who may want to attend and therefore have chosen this over an in person meeting.
The matters expected to be acted upon at the Annual Meeting are described in detail in the accompanying Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement.proxy statement.
Your vote is important. Whether or not you plan to attend the meeting, please cast your vote as soon as possible by Internet or telephone, or by completing and returning the enclosed proxy card in the postage-prepaid envelope to ensure that your shares will be represented. Your vote by written proxy will ensure your representation at the Annual Meeting regardless of whether you attend the virtual meeting or not. Returning the proxy does not deprive you of your right to attend the meeting and to vote your shares at the virtual meeting.
We look forward to your attendance at our Annual Meeting.
Sincerely,
proxyimage002a06.jpg
James Park
President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR
THE STOCKHOLDER MEETING TO BE HELD ON MAY 25, 2017:23, 2019:
THIS PROXY STATEMENT AND THE ANNUAL REPORT ARE AVAILABLE AT
www.proxyvote.com








FITBIT, INC.
405 Howard199 Fremont Street, 14th Floor
San Francisco, California 94105
 
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
 
To Our Stockholders:
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the 20172019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or Annual Meeting, of Fitbit, Inc. will be held virtually on Thursday, May 25, 2017,23, 2019, at 11:00 a.m. (Pacific Time). The Annual Meeting can be accessed by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/FIT2017,FIT2019, where you will be able to listen to the meeting live, submit questions, and vote online.
We are holding the meetingAnnual Meeting for the following purposes, which are more fully described in the accompanying proxy statement:
1.     To elect seveneight directors, all of whom are currently serving on our board of directors, each to serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor has been elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier death, resignation, or removal.
James Park
Eric N. Friedman
Laura J. Alber
Jonathan D. CallaghanMatthew Bromberg
Glenda Flanagan
Bradley Fluegel
Steven Murray
Christopher Paisley
2.    To ratify the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopersGrant Thornton LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2017.2019.
3. To approvehold a stock option exchange program that would allow eligible employees, includingnon-binding advisory vote on the compensation paid by us to our named executive officers other than our President, Chief Executive Officer,as disclosed in this proxy statement.
4.     To consider and Chairman, Chief Technology Officer, and Chief Financial Officer, to exchange “underwater” stock options currently held by such eligible employees for a lesser number of new restricted stock units, or RSUs, under our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, or 2015 Plan.vote upon one stockholder proposal, if properly presented.
In addition, stockholders may be asked to consider and vote upon such other business as may properly come before the meetingAnnual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.
Only stockholders of record at the close of business on March 28, 201726, 2019 are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting and any adjournments thereof.
Your vote as a Fitbit stockholder is very important. Each share of Class A common stock that you own represents one vote and each share of Class B common stock that you own represents ten votes. For questions regarding your stock ownership, you may contact us through our website at http:https://investor.fitbit.com/investor.fitbit.com or, if you are a registered holder, our transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company, N.A., by calling (877) 373-6374 (toll-free) or (781) 575-3100, by writing to P.O. BOX 30170 College Station, TX 77842 (by regular mail) or 211 Quality Circle Suite 210 College Station, TX 77845 (by overnight delivery) or by visiting their website at www.computershare.com/investor.
By Order of the Board of Directors,


        



By Order of the Board of Directors,
    proxyimage002a06.jpg
James Park
President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman
San Francisco, California
April 13, 201711, 2019

 
YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT
 
WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETING, WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO VOTE AND SUBMIT YOUR PROXY BY INTERNET, TELEPHONE, OR BY MAIL. FOR ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS ON VOTING BY TELEPHONE OR THE INTERNET, PLEASE REFER TO YOUR PROXY CARD. TO VOTE AND SUBMIT YOUR PROXY BY MAIL, PLEASE COMPLETE, SIGN, AND DATE THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD AND RETURN IT IN THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE. IF YOU ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETING, YOU MAY REVOKE YOUR PROXY AND VOTE VIA THE VIRTUAL MEETING WEBSITE. IF YOU HOLD YOUR SHARES THROUGH AN ACCOUNT WITH A BROKERAGE FIRM, BANK, OR OTHER NOMINEE, PLEASE FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS YOU RECEIVE FROM YOUR ACCOUNT MANAGER TO VOTE YOUR SHARES.





        



 
FITBIT, INC.
PROXY STATEMENT FOR 20172019 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
 
Table of Contents
 Page

    



April 13, 201711, 2019
FITBIT, INC.
405 Howard199 Fremont Street, 14th Floor
San Francisco, California 94105
 
PROXY STATEMENT FOR THE 20172019 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
 
INFORMATION ABOUT SOLICITATION AND VOTING
The accompanying proxy is solicited on behalf of the board of directors of Fitbit, Inc. for use at our 20172019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or Annual Meeting, to be held virtually on May 25, 2017,23, 2019, at 11:00 a.m. (Pacific Time), and any adjournment or postponement thereof. The Annual Meeting can be accessed by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/FIT2017,FIT2019, where you will be able to listen to the meeting live, submit questions, and vote online. The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials and this proxy statement for the Annual Meeting, or Proxy Statement, and the accompanying form of proxy were first distributed and made available on the Internet to stockholders on or about April 13, 2017.11, 2019. An annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20162018 is available with this Proxy Statement by following the instructions in the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials.

INTERNET AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS
In accordance with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, rules, we are using the Internet as our primary means of furnishing proxy materials to stockholders. Consequently, most stockholders will not receive paper copies of our proxy materials. We will instead send these stockholders a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials with instructions for accessing the proxy materials, including our Proxy Statement and annual report on Form 10-K, and voting via the Internet. The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials also provides information on how stockholders may obtain paper copies of our proxy materials if they so choose. We believe this rule makes the proxy distribution process more efficient, less costly, and helps in conserving natural resources.


GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE ANNUAL MEETING
Purpose of the Annual Meeting
At the Annual Meeting, stockholders will act upon the proposals described in this Proxy Statement.
Record Date; Quorum
Only holders of record of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock at the close of business on March 28, 2017,26, 2019, or the Record Date, will be entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. At the close of business on the Record Date, we had 184,883,569223,455,707 shares of Class A common stock and 43,378,74831,267,322 shares of Class B common stock outstanding and entitled to vote.
The holders of a majority of the voting power of the shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock (voting together as a single class) entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting as of the Record Date must be present at the Annual Meeting in order to hold the Annual Meeting and conduct business. This presence is called a quorum. Your shares are counted as present at the Annual Meeting if you are present and vote online at the Annual Meeting or if you have properly submitted a proxy.
Voting Rights; Required Vote
In deciding all matters at the Annual Meeting, as of the close of business on the Record Date, each share of Class A common stock that you own represents one vote and each share of Class B common stock that you own represents ten votes. We do not have cumulative voting rights for the election of directors. You may vote all shares owned by you as of the Record Date, including (i) shares held directly in your name as the stockholder of record and (ii) shares held for you as the beneficial owner in street name through a broker, bank, trustee, or other nominee.


Stockholder of Record: Shares Registered in Your Name. If, on the Record Date, your shares were registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company, N.A., then you are considered the stockholder of record with respect to those shares. As a stockholder of record, you may vote at the Annual Meeting or vote by telephone, by Internet, or by filling out and returning the proxy card.

Beneficial Owner: Shares Registered in the Name of a Broker or Nominee. If, on the Record Date, your shares were held in an account with a brokerage firm, bank, or other nominee, then you are the beneficial owner of the shares held in street name. As a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your nominee on how to vote the shares held in your account, and your nominee has enclosed or provided voting instructions for you to use in directing it on how to vote your shares. However, the organization that holds your shares is considered the stockholder of record for purposes of voting at the Annual Meeting. Because you are not the stockholder of record, you may not vote your shares at the Annual Meeting unless you request and obtain a valid proxy from the organization that holds your shares giving you the right to vote the shares at the Annual Meeting.
Each director will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast, which means that the seveneight individuals nominated for election to the board of directors at the Annual Meeting receiving the highest number of “FOR” votes will be elected. You may either vote “FOR” one or any of the nominees or “WITHHOLD” your vote with respect to one or any of the nominees. With respect to (i) the (i) ratification of PricewaterhouseCoopersGrant Thornton LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2017, and2019, (ii) approval of the stock option exchange program for eligible employees, includingnon-binding advisory vote on the Compensation Program of our named executive officers, other than our President, Chief Executive Officer,or Compensation Program, and Chairman, Chief Technology Officer, and Chief Financial Officer,(iii) approval of the stockholder proposal regarding majority voting, approval will be obtained if the number of votes cast “FOR” the proposalsproposal at the Annual Meeting exceeds the number of votes cast “AGAINST” the proposals.proposal. If you elect to abstain from voting on these proposals, the abstention will not have any effect on the vote.
Broker non-votes occur when shares held by a broker for a beneficial owner are not voted either because (i) the broker did not receive voting instructions from the beneficial owner, or (ii) the broker lacked discretionary authority to vote the shares. Abstentions occur when shares present at the Annual Meeting are marked “abstain.” A broker is entitled to vote shares held for a beneficial owner on “routine” matters without instructions from the beneficial owner of those shares. Absent instructions from the beneficial owner of such shares, a broker is not entitled to vote shares held for a beneficial owner on “non-routine” matters. At our Annual Meeting, only the ratification of PricewaterhouseCoopersGrant Thornton LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2017,2019, is considered a routine matter. The other proposals presented at the Annual Meeting are non-routine matters. Broker non-votes and abstentions are counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present, but have no effect on the outcome of the matters voted upon. Accordingly, we encourage you to provide voting instructions to your broker, whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting.
Recommendations of the Board of Directors on Each of the Proposals Scheduled to be Voted on at the Annual Meeting
The board of directors recommends that you vote “FOR” (i) each of the directors named in this Proxy Statement, or Proposal 1, (ii)“FOR” the ratification of the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopersGrant Thornton LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2017,2019, or Proposal 2, and (iii)“FOR” the stock option exchange program for eligible employees, including our executive officers other than our President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman, Chief Technology Officer, and Chief Financial Officer,approval, on a non-binding advisory basis, of the Compensation Program, or Proposal 3. None
The board of our directors recommends that you vote “AGAINST” the stockholder proposal regarding majority voting, or executive officers has any substantial interest in any matter to be acted upon, other than (i) our directors, with respect to the elections to office of the directors so nominated and (ii) our executive officers, other than our President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman, Chief Technology Officer, and Chief Financial Officer, with respect to the stock option exchange program for eligible employees in which such executive officers are eligible to participate.Proposal 4.
Voting Instructions; Voting of Proxies
If you are a stockholder of record, you may:
vote via the virtual meeting website—website — any stockholder can attend the Annual Meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/FIT2017,FIT2019, where stockholders may vote and submit questions during the meeting. The meetingAnnual Meeting starts at 11:00 a.m. (Pacific Time). Please have your 16-Digit Control Number to join the Annual Meeting. Instructions on how to attend and participate via the Internet, including how to demonstrate proof of stock ownership, are posted at www.proxyvote.com;


vote via telephone or Internet—Internet — in order to do so, please follow the instructions shown on your proxy card; or


vote by mail—mail — complete, sign, and date the proxy card enclosed herewith and return it before the Annual Meeting in the envelope provided.
Votes submitted by telephone or Internet must be received by 11:59 pm Eastern Time on May 24, 2017.22, 2019. Submitting your proxy, whether via the Internet, by telephone, or by mail, will not affect your right to vote in person should you decide to attend the Annual Meeting. If you are not the stockholder of record, please refer to the voting instructions provided by your nominee to direct your nominee on how to vote your shares. You may either vote “FOR” all of the nominees to the board of directors, or you may withhold your vote from all nominees or any nominee you specify. For Proposals 2, 3 and 3,4, you may vote “FOR” or “AGAINST” or “ABSTAIN” from voting. Your vote is important. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we urge you to vote by proxy to ensure that your vote is counted.
All proxies will be voted in accordance with the instructions specified on the proxy card. If you sign a physical proxy card and return it without instructions as to how your shares should be voted on a particular proposal at the Annual Meeting, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our board of directors stated above.
If you do not vote and you hold your shares in street name, and your broker does not have discretionary power to vote your shares, your shares may constitute “broker non-votes” (as described above) and will not be counted in determining the number of shares necessary for approval of the proposals. However, shares that constitute broker non-votes will be counted for the purpose of establishing a quorum for the Annual Meeting.
If you receive more than one proxy card, this is because your shares are registered in more than one name or are registered in different accounts. To make certain all of your shares are voted, please follow the instructions included on each proxy card and vote each proxy card by telephone or the Internet. If voting by mail, please complete, sign, and return each proxy card to ensure that all of your shares are voted.
Expenses of Soliciting Proxies
We will pay the expenses of soliciting proxies. Following the original mailing of the soliciting materials, we and our agents, including directors, officers, and other employees, without additional compensation, may solicit proxies by mail, electronic mail, telephone, facsimile, by other similar means, or in person. Following the original mailing of the soliciting materials, we will request brokers, custodians, nominees, and other record holders to forward copies of the soliciting materials to persons for whom they hold shares and to request authority for the exercise of proxies. In such cases, we, upon the request of the record holders, will reimburse such holders for their reasonable expenses. If you choose to access the proxy materials through the Internet, you are responsible for any Internet access charges you may incur.
Revocability of Proxies
A stockholder who has given a proxy may revoke it at any time before it is exercised at the Annual Meeting by:
delivering to our Corporate Secretary (by any means) a written notice stating that the proxy is revoked;
signing and delivering a proxy bearing a later date;
voting again by telephone or Internet; or
attending and voting at the Annual Meeting (although attendance at the Annual Meeting will not, by itself, revoke a proxy).
Please note, however, that if your shares are held of record by a broker, bank, or other nominee and you wish to revoke a proxy, you must contact that firm to revoke any prior voting instructions.
Voting Results


Voting results will be tabulated and certified by the inspector of elections appointed for the Annual Meeting. The preliminary voting results will be announced at the Annual Meeting. The final results will be tallied by the inspector of elections and filed with the SEC in a current report on Form 8-K within four business days of the Annual Meeting.




BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD;
BOARD, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STANDARDS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
We are strongly committed to good corporate governance practices. These practices provide an important framework within which our board of directors and management can pursue our strategic objectives for the benefit of our stockholders.
Corporate Governance Guidelines
Our board of directors has adopted corporate governance guidelines, or Corporate Governance Guidelines, that set forth the role of our board of directors, director independence standards, board structure and functions, director selection considerations, and other policies for the governance of the company, or Corporate Governance Guidelines.company. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines are available in the Investor Relations section of our website, which is located at http:https://investor.fitbit.com by clicking on “Governance”.“Governance.” Our nominating and governance committee reviews the Corporate Governance Guidelines periodically and recommends changes to our board of directors as warranted.
Board Leadership Structure
Our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that our board of directors may choose its chairperson in any way that it considers in the best interests of our company. Our nominating and governance committee periodically considers the leadership structure of our board of directors and makes such recommendations to our board of directors with respect thereto as our nominating and governance committee deems appropriate. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines also provide that, when the positions of chairperson and chief executive officer are held by the same person, the independent directors will designate a “lead independent director.” In cases in which the chairperson and chief executive officer are the same person, the responsibilities of the lead independent director include: presiding over executive sessions of independent directors; serving as a liaison between the chief executive officer and the independent directors; being available, under appropriate circumstances, for consultation and direct communication with stockholders; and performing such other functions and responsibilities as requested by our board of directors from time to time.
Currently, our board of directors believes that it is in the best interest of our company and our stockholders for our President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Park, to serve as both President and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman given his knowledge of our company and industry and strategic vision. Because Mr. Park serves in both these roles, our board of directors appointed Jonathan D. Callaghan to serve as our lead independent director. Mr. Callaghan served as lead independent director through the date of our 2018 annual meeting of stockholders, or the 2018 Annual Meeting, where he did not stand for re-election. Our board of directors appointed Steven Murray to serve as our lead independent director following our 2018 Annual Meeting. As lead independent director, Mr. Callaghan,Murray, among the other responsibilities noted above, presides over regularly scheduled meetings at which only our independent directors are present, serves as a liaison between Mr. Park and the independent directors, and performs such additional duties as our board of directors may otherwise determine and delegate. Our board of directors believes that its independence and oversight of management is maintained effectively through this leadership structure, the composition of our board of directors, and sound corporate governance policies and practices.
Our Board of Directors’ Role in Risk Oversight
Our board of directors is primarily responsible for overseeing our risk management processes. Our board of directors, as a whole, determines our appropriate level of risk, assesses the specific risks that we face, and reviews management’s strategies for adequately mitigating and managing the identified risks. Although our board of directors administers this risk management oversight function, the committees of our board of directors support our board of directors in discharging its oversight duties and address risks inherent in their respective areas. The audit committee reviews our major financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures, including our procedures and related policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management. Our audit committee also reviews matters relating to compliance, cybersecurity, data privacy and security and reports to our board of directors regarding such matters. The compensation committee reviews risks and exposures associated with compensation plans and programs. We believe this division of responsibilities is an effective approach for addressing the risks we face and that our board leadership structure supports this approach.
Director Independence


The listing rules of the New York Stock Exchange generally require that a majority of the members of a listed company’s board of directors be independent. In addition, the listing rules generally require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation, and nominating and governance committees be independent.


In addition, audit committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act. In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee: accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries; or be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries.
Our board of directors conducts an annual review of the independence of our directors. In its most recent review, our board of directors determined that Messrs. Callaghan,Bromberg, Fluegel, Murray, and Paisley, and Mses. Alber and Flanagan, representing fivesix of our seveneight directors, are “independent directors” as defined under the applicable rules, regulations, and listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange and the applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC. Our board of directors has also determined that all members of our audit committee, compensation committee, and nominating and governance committee are independent and satisfy the relevant SEC and New York Stock Exchange independence requirements for such committees.
Board Committees
Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a compensation committee, and a nominating and governance committee. The composition and responsibilities of each committee are described below. Each of these committees has a written charter approved by our board of directors. Copies of the charters for the audit committee, compensation committee, and nominating and governance committee are available on the Investor Relations section of our website http:which is located at https://investor.fitbit.com.investor.fitbit.com by clicking on “Governance.” Members serve on these committees until their resignations or until otherwise determined by our board of directors.
Audit Committee
Our audit committee is comprised of Mr. Paisley, who is the chair of the audit committee, Ms. Flanagan, and Mr. Murray. Each member of our audit committee is independent under the current New York Stock Exchange and SEC rules and regulations. Each member of our audit committee is financially literate as required by current New York Stock Exchange listing standards. Our board of directors has also determined that simultaneous service by Mr. Paisley on the audit committees of more than three public companies does not impair his ability to serve on our audit committee. In addition, our board of directors has determined that each of Mr. Paisley and Ms. Flanagan is an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of Item 407(d) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act. As more fully described in its charter, our audit committee is directly responsible for, among other things:
selecting a qualified firm to serve as the independent registered public accounting firm to audit our financial statements;
helping to ensure the independence and performance of the independent registered public accounting firm;
discussing the scope and results of the audit with the independent registered public accounting firm, and reviewing, with management and the independent accountants, our interim and year-end operating results;
reviewing our policies on risk assessment and risk management;management, including risks related to cybersecurity;
obtaining and reviewing a report by the independent registered public accounting firm at least annually, that describes our internal quality-control procedures, any material issues with such procedures, and any steps taken to deal with such issues;
approving (or, as permitted, pre-approving) all audit and all permissible non-audit services to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm; and
reviewing related-party transactions and proposed waivers.
Compensation Committee
Our compensation committee is comprised of Mr. Callaghan,Fluegel, who is the chair of the compensation committee (following the 2018 Annual Meeting), Mr. Bromberg and Mr. Murray. Mr. Callaghan served as our chair of the compensation committee through the date of


our 2018 Annual Meeting, Ms. Alber served as a member of the compensation committee until the 2018 Annual Meeting and Mr. Paisley. Paisley served as a member of the compensation committee until October 2018. The composition of our compensation committee meets the requirements for independence under current New York Stock Exchange and SEC rules and regulations. Each member of this committee is also a non-employee director, as defined pursuant to Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and an outside director, as defined pursuant to Section 162(m).Act. The purpose of our compensation committee is to discharge the responsibilities of our board of directors relating to compensation of our executive officers. As more fully described in its charter, our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:


determining and approving, or making recommendations to our board of directors regarding, the compensation of our executive officers;
recommending to our board of directors the compensation of our non-employee directors;
administering our stock and equity incentive plans;
reviewing and approving, or making recommendations to our board of directors regarding, cash-based and equity-based incentive compensation plans; and
reviewing our overall compensation strategy.
Nominating and Governance Committee
The nominating and governance committee is comprised of Mr. Murray,Fluegel, who is the chair of the nominating and governance committee (following the 2018 Annual Meeting), and Ms. Alber (following the 2018 Annual Meeting), and Mr. Callaghan. Paisley (as of March 2019). Mr. Murray served as the chair of our nominating and governance committee until our 2018 Annual Meeting and Mr. Callaghan was a member of our nominating and governance committee until our 2018 Annual Meeting. The composition of our nominating and governance committee meets the requirements for independence under current New York Stock Exchange and SEC rules and regulations. As more fully described in its charter, our nominating and governance committee is responsible for, among other things:
identifying and recommending candidates for membership on our board of directors;
overseeing the process of evaluating the performance of our board of directors and each committee of the board of directors;
considering and making recommendations to our board of directors regarding the composition of our board of directors and its committees;
developing and making recommendations to our board of directors regarding corporate governance guidelines and policies; and
advising our board of directors on corporate governance matters.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
During 2016,2018, our compensation committee consisted of Mr.Ms. Alber (until the 2018 Annual Meeting), and Messrs. Bromberg, Callaghan Mr.(until our 2018 Annual Meeting), Fluegel, Murray, and Paisley and Ms. Alber (as of June 2016)(until October 2018). None of them has at any time been one of our officers or employees. Moreover, none of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee (or other board committee performing equivalent functions) of any entity that has one or more of its executive officers who served on our board of directors or our compensation committee in 2016.2018.
CodeCodes of Business Conduct and Ethics
Our board of directors has adopted codes of conduct and ethics that apply to all of our employees, officers, and directors. The full text of our codes of conduct and ethics are posted on available in the Investor Relations section of our website. website, which is located at https://investor.fitbit.com by clicking on “Governance.” We intend to disclose future amendments to certain provisions of our codes of conduct and ethics, or waivers of these provisions, on our website or in filings under the Exchange Act.
Board and Committee Meetings and Attendance
Our board of directors and its committees meet throughout the year on a set schedule, and also hold special meetings and act by written consent from time to time. During 2016,2018, our board of directors met eight times and acted by unanimous written consent three times, the audit committee met ten times and did not act by unanimous written consent, the compensation committee met seven times and acted by unanimous written consent one time,nine times, the audit committee met twelve times and acted by unanimous written consent once, the compensation committee met seven times


and acted by unanimous written consent eight times, and the nominating and governance committee met twothree times and acted by unanimous written consent one time.four times. None of the directors attended fewer than 75% of the aggregate of the total number of meetings held by our board of directors and by all committees of our board of directors on which such director served (during the period that such director served on our board of directors and any committee).
Board Attendance at Annual Stockholders’ Meeting
Our policy is to invite and encourage each member of our board of directors to be present at our annual meetings of stockholders. AllFive of our then-currentthen current serving directors were present at our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders.


2018 Annual Meeting.
Presiding Director of Non-Employee Director Meetings
The non-employee directors meet in regularly scheduled executive sessions without management to promote open and honest discussion. Our lead independent director, Mr. Callaghan,Murray, is the presiding director at these meetings.
Communication with Directors
Stockholders and interested parties who wish to communicate with our board of directors, non-management members of our board of directors as a group, a committee of our board of directors, or a specific member of our board of directors (including our Chairman or lead independent director) may do so by letters addressed to the attention of our General Counsel.
All communications are reviewed by our General Counsel and provided to the members of our board of directors consistent with a screening policy providing that unsolicited items, sales materials, abusive, threatening, or otherwise inappropriate materials, and other routine items and items unrelated to the duties and responsibilities of our board of directors not be relayed on to directors. Any communication that is not relayed is recorded in a log and made available to our board of directors.
The address for these communications is:
Fitbit, Inc.
c/o General Counsel
405 Howard199 Fremont Street, 14th Floor
San Francisco, California 94105




NOMINATIONS PROCESS AND DIRECTOR QUALIFICATIONS
Nomination to the Board of Directors
Candidates for nomination to our board of directors are selected by our board of directors based on the recommendation of the nominating and governance committee in accordance with the committee’s charter, our restated certificate of incorporation, andour restated bylaws, our Corporate Governance Guidelines, and the criteria adopted by our board of directors regarding director candidate qualifications. In recommending candidates for nomination, the nominating and governance committee considers candidates recommended by directors, officers, employees, stockholders, and others, using the same criteria to evaluate all candidates. Evaluations of candidates generally involve a review of background materials, internal discussions, and interviews with selected candidates, as appropriateappropriate. In addition, the nominating and in addition, thegovernance committee may engage consultants or third-party search firms to assist in identifying and evaluating potential nominees.
Additional information regarding the process for properly submitting stockholder nominations for candidates for membership on our board of directors is set forth below under “Stockholder Proposals to Bebe Presented at Next Annual Meeting.”
Director Qualifications
With the goal of developing a diverse, experienced, and highly qualified board of directors, the nominating and governance committee is responsible for developing and recommending to our board of directors the desired qualifications, expertise, and characteristics of members of our board of directors, including qualifications that the committee believes must be met by a committee-recommended nominee for membership on our board of directors and specific qualities or skills that the committee believes are necessary for one or more of the members of our board of directors to possess.
Since the identification, evaluation, and selection of qualified directors is a complex and subjective process that requires consideration of many intangible factors, and will be significantly influenced by the particular needs of our board of directors from time to time, our board of directors has not adopted a specific set of minimum qualifications, qualities, or skills that are necessary for a nominee to possess, other than those that are necessary to meet U.S. legal, regulatory, and New York Stock Exchange listing requirements and the provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation, restated bylaws, Corporate Governance Guidelines, and charters of the committees of our board committees.of directors. In addition, neither our board of directors nor our nominating and governance committee has a formal policy with regard to the consideration of diversity in identifying nominees. When considering nominees, our nominating and governance committee may take into consideration many factors including, among other things, a candidate’s independence, integrity, diversity, skills, financial and other expertise, breadth of experience, and knowledge about our business or industry, and ability to devote adequate time and effort to the responsibilities of our board of directors in the context of its existing composition. Through the nomination process, the nominating and governance committee seeks to promote board membership that reflects a diversity of business experience, expertise, viewpoints, personal backgrounds, and other characteristics that are expected to contribute to our board of directors’ overall effectiveness. The brief biographical description of each director set forth in Proposal 1 below includes the primary individual experience, qualifications, attributes, and skills of each of our directors that led to the conclusion that each director should serve as a member of our board of directors at this time.




PROPOSAL NO. 1

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
Our board of directors currently consists of seveneight directors. Each of our directors will stand for election at the Annual Meeting and shall serve for a one-year term expiring at our 20182020 annual meeting of stockholders and until such director’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier death, resignation, or removal.
Shares represented by proxies will be voted “FOR” the election of each of the seveneight nominees named below, unless the proxy is marked to withhold authority to so vote. If any nominee for any reason is unable to serve or for good cause will not serve, the proxies may be voted for such substitute nominee as the proxy holder might determine. Each nominee has consented to being named in this Proxy Statement and to serve if elected.
Information Regarding the Board of Directors and Nominees to the Board of Directors
The names of the members of our current board of director and nominees, and their ages and occupations as of AprilMarch 1, 2017,2019, are provided in the table below. Additional biographical descriptions of each nominee are set forth in the text below the table.
Name of Director/NomineeAgePosition
James Park4042President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman
Eric N. Friedman3941Chief Technology Officer and Director
Laura J. Alber(2)
50Director
Matthew Bromberg(1)
48Director
Jonathan D. Callaghan(1)(2)†
4852Director
Glenda Flanagan(3)
6365Director
Bradley M. Fluegel(1)(2)
57Director
Steven Murray(2)(1)(3)
4850Director
Christopher Paisley(1)(2)(3)
6466Director
__________________
(1) 
Member of the compensation committee.
(2) 
Member of the nominating and governance committee.
(3) 
Member of the audit committee.
Lead independent director.

James Park is our co-founder and has served as a member of our board of directors since March 2007, as our Chairman since May 2015, and as our President and Chief Executive Officer since September 2007. Previously, Mr. Park served as a Director of Product Development at CNET Networks, Inc., an online media company. Prior to CNET Networks, Mr. Park served as the President and a co-founder of Wind-Up Labs, Inc., an online photo sharing company acquired by CNET Networks in April 2005. He was also Chief Technology Officer and a co-founder of Epesi Technologies, Inc., a software company. Mr. Park attended Harvard College where he studied computer science. Mr. Park was selected to serve as a member of our board of directors due to the perspective and experience he brings as our co-founder, President, and Chief Executive Officer.
Eric N. Friedman is our co-founder and has served as a member of our board of directors since March 2007 and as an executive officer since September 2007, including most recently as our Chief Technology Officer. Previously, Mr. Friedman served as an engineer manager at CNET Networks. Prior to CNET Networks, Mr. Friedman served as a co-founder of Wind-Up Labs, a founding engineer of Epesi Technologies, and a technical member of the Real-Time Collaboration Group at Microsoft Corporation. Mr. Friedman holds a B.S. and an M.S. in computer science from Yale University. Mr. Friedman was selected to serve as a member of our board of directors due to the perspective and experience he brings as our co-founder and Chief Technology Officer.


Laura J. Alber has served as a member of our board of directors since June 2016. Ms. Alber has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Williams-Sonoma, Inc., a retail company of kitchen and home products, since May 2010 and as President of Williams-Sonoma since July 2006. Ms. Alber joined Williams-Sonoma in 1995 as a Senior Buyer for Pottery Barn. Ms. Alber has held numerous brand management roles within the company, including the positions of President, Pottery Barn Brands; Executive Vice President, Pottery Barn Merchandising; and Senior Vice President, Pottery Barn Catalog and Pottery Barn Kids Retail. Prior to Williams-Sonoma, Ms. Alber worked at The Gap, Inc. and Contempo Casuals, and was a small business owner. Ms. Alber holds a B.A. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania. Ms. Alber was selected to serve as a member of our board of directors due to her extensive retail industry, merchandising, and operational experience.
Jonathan D. CallaghanMatthew Bromberg has served as a member of our board of directors since September 2008.March 2018. Mr. Callaghan is a founder andBromberg has served as Chief Operating Officer of Zynga Inc., a Managing Member of True Ventures, a venture capital firm,social game developer, since January 2006.August 2016. Prior to True Ventures,joining Zynga, Mr. CallaghanBromberg worked at Electronic Arts Inc., a video game company, where he served as Senior Vice President of Strategy and Operations of the mobile division from January 2015 to July 2016, Group General Manager of Bioware from September 2013 to December 2014 and General Manager of Bioware Austin from May 2012 to September 2013. Prior to joining Electronic Arts, Mr. Bromberg was the founder and Chief Executive Officer of I’mOK Inc., a Managing Director at Globespan Capital, a venture capital firm, and as a Managing Partner at CMGI@Ventures, CMGI Inc.’s affiliated venture capital group.location-based communication platform for families, from March 2011 to March 2012. Prior to this, Mr. Callaghan worked forBromberg served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Major League Gaming Corp., a professional eSports company, from 2006 to 2010, Chief Executive Officer of Davidson Media Holdings, LLC, an online gaming investment and consulting partnership, from 2005 to 2006, and held a number of senior roles at AOL Inc.’s Greenhouse, the venture capital/incubator for AOL, (now a subsidiary of Verizon Communications Inc.) from 1999 to 2005. Mr. Bromberg holds a B.A. in english from Cornell University and as an associate at Summit Partners. Mr. Callaghan holds an A.B. in government from Dartmouth College and an M.B.A.a J.D. from Harvard BusinessLaw School. Mr. CallaghanBromberg was selected to serve as a member of our board of directors due to his extensive experience with technology companies.companies and his operational experience.
Glenda Flanagan has served as a member of our board of directors since June 2016. Ms. Flanagan has served as the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Whole Foods Market, Inc., a supermarket chain, since 1988.from 1988 through May 2017, when she became the Executive Vice President and Senior Advisor. Ms. Flanagan currently serves on the boards of directors of Whole Planet Foundation, Whole Cities Foundation, and Whole Kids Foundation, as well as the public company Credit Acceptance Corporation. Ms. Flanagan holds a B.B.A. in accounting from the University of Texas at Austin. Ms. Flanagan was selected to serve as a member of our board of directors due to her extensive experience with leading consumer and health-related brand, and expertise and background with regard to accounting and financial matters.
Bradley Fluegel has served as a member of our board of directors since March 2018. Mr. Fluegel served as Senior Vice President, Chief Healthcare Commercial Market Development Officer of Walgreen Co., a retail-pharmacy store chain, from October 2015 to January 2018. Mr. Fluegel joined Walgreen in October 2012 as Senior Vice President, Chief Strategy and Business Development Officer after previously serving as Executive in Residence at Health Evolution Partners, a healthcare private equity firm, from April 2011 to September 2012. Prior to joining Health Evolution Partners, Mr. Fluegel served as Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy and External Affairs Officer of Wellpoint, Inc. (now Anthem, Inc.), a health care benefits company, from September 2007 to December 2010. Prior to that, Mr. Fluegel served as Senior Vice President of National Accounts and Vice President, Enterprise Strategy at Aetna Inc., a health care benefits company, from 2005 to 2007. Prior to this, Mr. Fluegel served as Chief Executive Officer for Reden & Anders, Ltd. (now part of Optum), a provider of consulting services for the health care industry, from 2002 to 2005, and served in various positions at Tillinghast-Towers Perrin, a clinical, actuarial and management consulting practice serving the health care industry, from 1995 to 2002. Mr. Fluegel holds a B.A. in business administration from the University of Washington and a Masters in Public Policy from Harvard University. Mr. Fluegel currently serves on the board of directors of Performant Financial Corporation and has also served on the board of directors for a number of private companies. He also is a lecturer at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Business. Mr. Fluegel was selected to serve as a member of our board of directors due to his extensive commercial healthcare industry and operational experience.
Steven Murray has served as a member of our board of directors since June 2013. Mr. Murray is a Partner at Revolution Growth, a venture capital firm, where he has worked since January 2016. From April 1996 to January 2016, Mr. Murray worked at SoftBank Capital, a venture capital firm, where he most recently served as a Partner. Prior to this, Mr. Murray worked for Deloitte & Touche LLP, where he specialized in serving high growth technology based businesses. Mr. Murray also serves on the board of directors for a number of private companies. Mr. Murray holds a B.S. in accounting from Boston College. Mr. Murray was selected to serve as a member of our board of directors due to his extensive experience with technology companies.


Christopher Paisley has served as a member of our board of directors since January 2015. Mr. Paisley has served as the Dean’s Executive Professor of Accounting at the Leavey School of Business at Santa Clara University since January 2001. Prior to this, Mr. Paisley served as Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer for 3Com Corporation, a computer networking manufacturer. Mr. Paisley currently serves on the boards of directors of Ambarella, Inc., Equinix, Inc., Fortinet, Inc., and YuMe,Fortinet, Inc. He also previously served as a director of Bridge Capital Holdings, Control4 Corporation, and Volterra Semiconductor Corporation.YuMe, Inc. Mr. Paisley holds a B.A. in business economics from the University of California, Santa Barbara and an M.B.A. from the UCLA Anderson School of Management. Mr. Paisley was selected to serve as a member of our board of directors due to his extensive board and operational experience.
There are no familial relationships among our directors and executive officers.
Director Compensation
The following table provides information for 20162018 concerning all compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to each person who served as a non-employee director for some portion of 2016.2018. James Park, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Eric N. Friedman, our Chief Technology Officer, are not included in the table below because they did not receive additional compensation for their services as directors. Total compensation for Messrs. Park and Friedman for services as employees is presented in “Executive Compensation—Summary Compensation Table” below.


Name
Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash
($)
Stock Awards
($)(1)
Total
($)
Laura Alber(2)
33,552166,938200,490
Jonathan D. Callaghan(3)
Glenda Flanagan(4)
36,598166,938203,536
Steven Murray(5)
67,516162,019229,535
Christopher Paisley(6)
76,518162,019238,537
Name
Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash
($)
Stock Awards
($)(1)
Total
($)
Laura J. Alber(2)
56,680179,750236,430
Matthew Bromberg(3)
45,803214,302260,105
Glenda Flanagan(4)
65,582179,750245,332
Bradley Fluegel(5)
72,111216,647288,758
Steven Murray(6)
89,787179,750269,537
Christopher Paisley(7)
82,500179,750262,250
__________________________
(1) 
The amounts reported in this column represent the aggregate grant date value of restricted stock unit, or RSU, awards made to directors in 20162018 computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation Stock Compensation, or “FASB ASC Topic 718. This amount does not reflect the actual economic value realized by the director, which will vary depending on the performance of our Class A common stock.
(2) 
As of December 31, 2016,2018, Ms. Alber held 11,505 RSUs. The RSUs vest in accordance with the vesting schedule described below under “—Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements—Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation—Initial Equity Grant.”
(3)
Mr. Callaghan has waived any right to receive compensation that he may be entitled to receive for service as a non-employee director.
(4)
As of December 31, 2016, Ms. Flanagan held 11,505 RSUs. The RSUs vest in accordance with the vesting schedule described below under “—Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements—Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation—Initial Equity Grant.”
(5)
As of December 31, 2016, Mr. Murray held 11,44234,238 RSUs. The RSUs vest in accordance with the vesting schedule described below under “—Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements—Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation—Annual Equity Grant.”
(6)(3) 
As of December 31, 2016,2018, Mr. Bromberg held 34,238 RSUs. The RSUs vest in accordance with the vesting schedule described below under “—Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements—Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation—Annual Equity Grant.”
(4)
As of December 31, 2018, Ms. Flanagan held 34,238 RSUs. The RSUs vest in accordance with the vesting schedule described below under “—Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements—Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation—Annual Equity Grant.”
(5)
As of December 31, 2018, Mr. Fluegel held 34,238 RSUs. The RSUs vest in accordance with the vesting schedule described below under “—Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements—Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation—Annual Equity Grant.”
(6)
As of December 31, 2018, Mr. Murray held 34,238 RSUs. The RSUs vest in accordance with the vesting schedule described below under “—Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements—Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation—Annual Equity Grant.”
(7)
As of December 31, 2018, Mr. Paisley held 11,44234,238 RSUs and ana stock option to purchase 60,000 shares of Class B common stock. The RSUs vest in accordance with the vesting schedule described below under “—Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements—Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation—Annual Equity Grant.” 1/24th of the shares subject to the option vested on February 29, 2015, and the remaining shares subject to the option vest at a rate of 1/24th of the total shares subject to the option on each month thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.


Arrangements—Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation—Annual Equity Grant.” The shares subject to the stock option fully vested on January 29, 2017.
Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements
Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation
Initial Equity Grant. Each non-employee director appointed to our board of directors is automatically granted an initial grant of RSUs on the date of his or her appointment to our board of directors having an aggregate fair market value of $175,000 (with such amount pro-rated based on the number of days between the date of such director’s appointment and the date of our first annual meeting of stockholders following the date of grant (or to the extent that we have not determined the date of the next annual meeting of stockholders on or before the date of grant, May 15 following the date of grant)). The RSUs will fully vest on the date of our first annual meeting of stockholders following the date of grant or immediately prior to the consummation of a change of control event. If an individual is appointed as a non-employee director at an annual meeting of stockholders, he or she will be granted an annual equity grant, as described below, in lieu of the initial equity grant.
Annual Equity Grant. On the date of each annual meeting of stockholders, each non-employee director who is serving on our board of directors on the date of such annual meeting will be automatically granted RSUs having an aggregate fair market value of $175,000. The RSUs will fully vest on the earlier of (i) the date of the following year’s annual meeting of stockholders (but only for a non-employee director who does not stand for re-election at, or is not re-elected at, the following year’s annual meeting of stockholders but who otherwise serves on the board of directors until the date of such meeting) and (ii) the date that is one year following the date of grant.
Non-Employee Director Cash Compensation


Each non-employee director is also entitled to receive an annual cash retainer of $50,000 for service on the board of directors and additional annual cash compensation for the lead independent director and committee membership as follows:
Lead independent director: $20,000
Audit committee member: $10,000
Audit committee chair: $25,000
Compensation committee member: $7,500
Compensation committee chair: $17,500
Lead independent director: $20,000
Nominating and governance committee member: $5,000
Nominating and governance committee chair: $12,500

OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS
A VOTEFOR ELECTION OF EACH OF THE SEVENEIGHT NOMINATED DIRECTORS


PROPOSAL NO. 2

RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Our audit committee has selected PricewaterhouseCoopersGrant Thornton LLP, or Grant Thornton, as our independent registered public accounting firm to perform the audit of our financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 31, 20172019 and recommends that stockholders vote for ratification of such selection. The ratification of the selection of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPGrant Thornton as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 20172019 will be determined by the vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares present or represented at the Annual Meeting and voting affirmatively or negatively on the proposal. In the event that PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPGrant Thornton is not ratified by our stockholders, the audit committee will review its future selection of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPGrant Thornton as our independent registered public accounting firm.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP audited our financial statements for 2016. Representatives of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPGrant Thornton are expected to be present at the Annual Meeting, in which case they will be given an opportunity to make a statement at the Annual Meeting if they desire to do so and will be available to respond to appropriate questions.
Change of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
On March 8, 2019, we, following an evaluation of audit fees and costs and at the direction of our audit committee, chose not to renew the engagement of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, or (“PwC”), which was then serving as the company’s independent registered public accounting firm. We notified PwC on March 9, 2019 that it would be dismissed as our independent registered public accounting firm, effective immediately. The decision to change independent registered public accounting firms was approved by the audit committee.
PwC’s reports on the company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 did not contain any adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, nor were they qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope, or accounting principles.
During our two most recent fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 and the subsequent interim period through March 9, 2019, there were no disagreements, within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Exchange Act, or “Regulation S-K”, and the related instructions thereto, with PwC on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of PwC, would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreements in connection with its reports. Also during this same period, there were no reportable events within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions thereto, except for the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to the accuracy of the inputs in the sales order entry process, previously reported in Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, which has not yet been fully remediated.
On March 8, 2019, the audit committee approved the appointment of Grant Thornton as the company’s new independent registered public accounting firm, effective upon dismissal of PwC on March 9, 2019. During our two most recent fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the subsequent interim period through March 9, 2019, neither we nor anyone acting on its behalf consulted with Grant Thornton regarding any of the matters described in Items 304(a)(2)(i) and (ii) of Regulation S-K.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees and Services
We regularly review the services and fees from our independent registered public accounting firm. These services and fees are also reviewed with our audit committee annually. In accordance with standard policy, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPGrant Thornton will periodically rotatesrotate the individuals who are responsible for our audit.
In addition to performing the audit of our consolidated financial statements, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPPwC provided various other services during 20152017 and 2016.2018. During 20152017 and 2016,2018, fees for services provided by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPPwC were as follows:
 20152016
Audit fees(1)
$3,552,760
$2,944,650
Audit-related fees(2)
25,000
97,500
Tax fees(3)
918,635
679,851
All other fees(4)
3,906
88,600
Total fees$4,500,301
$3,810,601


 20172018
Audit fees(1)
$4,344,419
$4,443,540
Audit-related fees(2)
242,398

Tax fees(3)
813,649
996,707
All other fees(4)
3,600
1,800
Total fees$5,404,066
$5,442,047
__________________
(1) 
Includes fees for audit services primarily related to the audit of our annual financial statements; the review of our quarterly financial statements; comfort letters, consents, and assistance with and review of documents filed with the SEC, including our registration statements on Form S-1 related to our initial public offering in June 2015 and our follow-on offering in November 2015;SEC; and other accounting and financial reporting consultation and research work billed as audit fees or necessary to comply with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. The amount for 2015 also includes $340,000 previously not reported and billed after the filing of our Definitive Proxy Statement, filed on April 13, 2016. We are still in discussions with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP regarding the final amount of fees to be paid for such services for the year ended December 31, 2016, so the amounts disclosed for that year, which are based on our pre-approved budget for audit fees, are subject to changebased on the outcome of those discussions.
(2) 
Includes fees for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements including in connection with acquisitions by us of other companies in 20152017 and 2016.2018.
(3) 
Includes fees for tax compliance, advice, and planning. Tax advice fees encompass a variety of permissible tax services, including technical tax advice related to federal and state and international income tax matters; transfer pricing, international tax structure planning, and assistance with indirect sales tax; and assistance with tax audits.
(4) 
Includes fees for services other than the services reported in audit fees, audit-related fees, and tax fees.



Policy on Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Our audit committee’s policy is to pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm. These services may include audit services, audit-related services, tax services, and other services. Pre-approval is detailed as to the particular service or category of services and is generally subject to a specific budget. The independent registered public accounting firm and management are required to report periodically to the audit committee regarding the extent of services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm in accordance with this pre-approval, and the fees for the services performed to date.
All of the services relating to the fees described in the table above were pre-approved by our audit committee.
OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTEFOR APPROVAL OF PROPOSAL NO. 2



PROPOSAL NO. 3

ADVISORY VOTE ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
APPROVAL OF STOCK OPTION EXCHANGE PROGRAM FOR ELIGIBLE EMPLOYEES (INCLUDING CERTAIN OF OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS)

Introduction
WeIn accordance with the rules of the SEC, we are seeking stockholder approvalproviding stockholders with an opportunity to make a non-binding, advisory vote on the Compensation Program for our named executive officers. This non-binding advisory vote is commonly referred to as a “say on pay” vote. The non-binding advisory vote on the Compensation Program for our named executive officers, as disclosed in this proxy statement, will be determined by the vote of a proposed stock option exchange program,majority of the voting power of the shares present or represented at the Program, that, if implemented, would allow Eligible Employees (as defined below), includingAnnual Meeting and voting affirmatively or negatively on the proposal.
Stockholders are urged to read the “Executive Compensation” section of this Proxy Statement, which discusses how our executive officers other thancompensation policies and procedures implement our President, Chief Executive Officer,compensation philosophy and Chairman, Chief Technology Officer,contains tabular information and Chief Financial Officer, to exchange out-of-the-money or “underwater” options to purchase sharesnarrative discussion about the compensation of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock currently held by such Eligible Employees for a lesser number of RSUs that may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock, or New RSUs, under our 2015 Plan. Each New RSU will represent an unfunded right to receive one share of our Class A common stock on a date innamed executive officers. The compensation committee and the future, which generally is the date on which the New RSU will vest. The New RSUs will be granted on the Exchange Date (as defined below), which we currently anticipate will occur immediately following the expiration of the Exchange Offer (as defined below). The New RSUs will generally vest over the remaining vesting period of the applicable Eligible Option (as defined below) (subject to a one-year minimum vesting period). None of the members of our board of directors would be eligible to participatebelieve that these policies and procedures are effective in the Program.
Approval of the Program will enable us to leverage underwater outstanding stock options, for the purposes for which they were originally intended, namely, to motivate and retainimplementing our employees. In addition, the Program will allow us to reduce our equity award “overhang” (that is, the number of shares subject to outstanding equity awards relative to the total number of shares of our Class A or Class B common stock outstanding) through the cancellation of outstanding stock options that currently provide no meaningful retention or incentive value to our employees.
Overview
If the Proposal 3 is approved, Eligible Employees, including our executive officers other than the executive officers listed below, will have the opportunity to surrender Eligible Optionsand will receive in exchange one New RSU for every two shares subject to Eligible Options that are surrendered. The ineligible executive officers are as follows:
James Park, our President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman;
Eric N. Friedman, our Chief Technology Officer; and
William Zerella, our Chief Financial Officer.
In addition, none of the members of our board of directors are eligible to participate in the Program.
As of February 28, 2017, there were a total of 1,220,916 shares of Class A common stock and a total of 31,837,688 shares of Class B common stock subject to outstanding stock options. Of the outstanding stock options, as of that date and assuming the Assumed Exchange Date Price (as defined below), options to purchase 697,916 shares of Class A common stock and options to purchase 5,402,179 shares of Class B common stock, at a weighted average exercise price of $10.85 per share and a weighted average remaining life of 7.46 years, would be underwater and eligible for exchange under the proposed Program. We refer herein to the closing price of our Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on February 28, 2017 of $6.21, which we assume for purposes of an example only throughout this Proposal 3 to be the closing price of our common stock on the Exchange Date, as the “Assumed Exchange Date Price.” Assuming full participation in the Program by Eligible Employees, up to 3,049,980 New RSUs would be issued and 6,100,095 shares of Class A common stock would be cancelled, resulting in 3,050,115 shares becoming available


for future issuance under our 2015 Plan. If the closing price of our Class A common stock was below the Assumed Exchange Date Price on the Exchange Date, additional shares subject to outstanding stock options would be eligible for exchange under the Program as follows:
Exercise Price of Eligible OptionsOutstanding Eligible OptionsWeighted Average Exercise Price of Eligible OptionsWeighted Average Remaining Life of Eligible Options (Years)Maximum Number of Replacement RSUs
<$2.309,548,915
$0.85
5.614,774,429
$3.634,136,917
$3.63
7.342,068,447
$4.52870,795
$4.52
6.7435,389
Total14,556,627
$1.49
6.167,278,265
Notwithstanding the foregoing, since the number of Eligible Employees and Eligible Options will not be known until the Program is completed, we are unable to determine at this time the exact number of New RSUs that may be granted in connection with the Program. All Eligible Options that are not exchanged will remain outstandingcompensation philosophy and in effect in accordance with their existing terms. We currently anticipateachieving our goals. Accordingly, we ask our stockholders to vote “FOR” the following resolution at the Annual Meeting:
“RESOLVED, that the surrendered stock options will be cancelled on the first business date after the expiration of the Exchange Offer. Such date is referred to herein as the “Exchange Date.” We expect the New RSUs will be granted under the 2015 Plan on the Exchange Date. The shares of our common stock subject to surrendered stock options will become available for future issuance as Class A common stock under our 2015 Plan once the surrendered stock options are cancelled.
Reasons for the Program
Since our initial public offering in June 2015, the market price of our Class A common stock has fluctuated significantly. Our Class A common stock traded for more than $47.00 a share in July 2015, but in recent times has traded for significantly less. The closing price of our Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on February 28, 2017 was $6.21 per share. As a result, a significant number of the stock options granted to our employees at higher valuations have lost their economic benefit to these employees, eroding their effectiveness as an economic incentive to stay with the company while nevertheless creating potential dilution to our stockholders. Additionally, under applicable accounting rules, we are required to continue to recognize compensation expense related to these underwater stock options as they vest, even if they are never exercised because they remain underwater and do not fully provide the intended incentive and retention benefits. We believe that that the Program will allow us to recapture retentive and incentive value from the compensation expense that we record in our financial statements with respect to certain Eligible Options. By replacing underwater options that have diminished retention or incentive value with New RSUs that will provide both enhanced retention and incentive value while incurring only incremental compensation expense, we will be able to use our resources more efficiently.
As of February 28, 2017, approximately 18.5% of our outstanding stock options and 28.8% of our unvested outstanding stock options had exercise prices that are equal to or greater than the Assumed Exchange Date Price. In addition, as of February 28, 2017, of employees who held one or more stock options, approximately 47.2% held stock options with exercise prices that were equal to or greater than the Assumed Exchange Date Price. This means that a significant number of our stock options fail to provide the incentive and retention benefits they were designed to provide, as they are perceived to have little or no economic value to these employees. Accordingly, our management, board of directors, and compensation committee have concluded that we could be at risk of losing key talent.
Beginning in January 2017, our compensation committee engaged Compensia, an independent compensation consultant, to perform a comprehensive evaluation of a stock option exchange program. As part of this evaluation, our compensation committee identified the likely participants of an exchange program, and evaluated the value of the equity awards to be exchanged, the general parameters of an


exchange program, and the effects of an exchange program on our current hiring and retention goals. We determined that an exchange program pursuant to which employees including our executive officers, other than our President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman, Chief Technology Officer, and Chief Financial Officer, could exchange their underwater stock options for a lesser number of RSUs was most attractive alternative for several reasons, including the following:
Restore Retention and Motivation Incentives - We believe that equity incentives are a critical tool to align employees’ interests with those of our stockholders. We have historically granted stock options to incentivize, reward, and motivate employees’ performance and to encourage them to continue their employment with us. We believe that an effective and competitive employee incentive program is imperative for the future growth and success of our business. We rely on highly skilled and educated technical and managerial employees to execute our strategic initiatives, expand and develop our business, and satisfy the needs of our customers and users. Competition for these types of employees is intense, and many companies use equity incentives, including stock options and RSUs, as a means of attracting, motivating, and retaining their employees. Equity incentives constitute a key part of our incentive and retention programs. Our board of directors believes that equity compensation encourages employees to act like owners of the business, motivating them to work to make our business successful and rewarding their contributions by allowing them to potentially benefit from increases in the value of our Class A common stock. Much of our current business strategy involves multi-year initiatives designed to expand our markets and grow revenue. To execute our strategy, we believe it is imperative that we retain our employees over the long-term.
Reduce Pressure for Additional Equity Awards or Additional Cash Compensation - If we are unable to address the concerns raised by our underwater stock options (such as by conducting the Program), we may find it necessary to grant a significant number of equity awards or provide additional cash compensation to our employees above and beyond our ongoing equity grant and compensation practices to provide renewed incentives to our employees and satisfy our retention objectives. These additional awards would increase our compensation expense. Additionally, using additional cash compensation to replace underwater stock options in this highly competitive environment may have a material adverse effect on our business.
Reduce Equity Overhang Levels - Underwater stock options cannot be removed from our equity award overhang until they are exercised, expire, or otherwise terminate (for example, when an employee leaves our employment). The Program would reduce our current overhang level by canceling many of our underwater stock options and replacing them with New RSUs settleable for a lesser number of shares than the number of shares covered by the surrendered options. As of February 28, 2017 and assuming the Assumed Exchange Date Price, options to purchase 697,916 shares of Class A common stock and options to purchase 5,402,179 shares of Class B common stock could be surrendered and canceled and made available for future issuance, while, based on such assumptions, New RSUs covering 3,049,980 shares of Class A common stock would be issued, resulting in a net reduction in the equity award overhang by 3,050,115 shares.
Details of the Program
Eligible Employees
We intend to make the Program available to all of our employees located in the United States, including our executive officers other than our President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman, Chief Technology Officer, and Chief Financial Officer, and to employees who are located outside of the United States, where permitted by local law. Such individuals are referred to herein as “Eligible Employees.”


An employee will only be eligible to participate in the Program if such employee is employed with us on the Exchange Date. Our board of directors or compensation committee may determine to exclude employees in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions from the Program if local tax or other laws would make their participation infeasible or impractical, or if we determine not to offer the Program in certain locations. In addition, it is possible that we may need to make modifications to the terms offered to employees in countries outside the United States to comply with securities law requirements or other local requirements, or for tax or accounting reasons. Participation in the Program is voluntary. However, if an Eligible Employee elects to exchange an Eligible Option, then all of the shares subject to the Eligible Option must be exchanged pursuant to the Program in order for an Eligible Option to be exchanged. As of February 28, 2017, of all employees who held one or more stock options, there were 244 Eligible Employees. None of the members of our board of directors would be eligible to participate in the Program.
Eligible Options
The only options that Eligible Employees may exchange in the Program are those stock options under the Amended and Restated 2007 Stock Plan, as amended, or 2007 Plan, or 2015 Plan that are outstanding and unexercised as of immediately prior to our commencement of the Exchange Offer and that are underwater because they have an exercise price that is greater than the fair market value of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock on the Exchange Date, which is currently expected to be the first business date after the expiration of the Exchange Offer. Such stock options are referred to herein as “Eligible Options.”
Exchange Ratio
The Program is not structured as a one-for-one exchange. Instead, Eligible Employees participating in the Program will receive one New RSU for every two shares subject to a surrendered Eligible Option. If an odd number of shares subject to Eligible Options are exchanged, the number of RSUs granted will be rounded down to the nearest whole number of RSUs
Vesting of New RSUs
The New RSUs will generally vest over the remaining vesting period of the applicable Eligible Option (subject to a one-year minimum vesting period), subject to the Eligible Employee’s continued service with us over the remaining vesting period. Accordingly, in no event will a New RSU award be scheduled to vest in full sooner than provided in the vesting schedule of the original Eligible Option it replaces. In addition, New RSUs granted to our executive officers will be eligible for accelerated vesting as described below under “—Executive Compensation—Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.”
Other Terms and Conditions of New RSUs
The New RSUs will be subject to the terms and conditions of our 2015 Plan and in a RSU agreement to be entered into as of the Exchange Date. RSUs represent rights to receive shares of Class A common stock on specified future dates when those rights have vested following a required period of employment. A recipient of a RSU does not have voting rights, as the shares of Class A common stock are not issued until the RSU vests.
Impact on the 2015 Plan Share Reserve
Shares subject to Eligible Options granted under the 2007 Plan or 2015 Plan that are surrendered in the Program will become available for issuance as Class A common stock pursuant to future awards granted under the 2015 Plan, including the New RSUs to be granted under the Program. If shares subject to the New RSUs are forfeited following the Program, these shares also will return to the


2015 Plan and become available for future issuance pursuant under the 2015 Plan. Assuming full participation in the Program by Eligible Employees as of February 28, 2017 and the Assumed Exchange Date Price, up to 3,049,980 New RSUs would be issued and 3,050,115 shares of Class A common stock would become available for future issuance under our 2015 Plan.
Implementing the Program
We have not commenced the Program and we will not do so unless our stockholders approve, this proposal. If our stockholders approveon a non-binding advisory basis, the compensation of the named executive officers, as disclosed in the Proxy Statement pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the compensation tables, and narrative discussion, and the other related disclosure.”
As an advisory vote, this proposal and our board of directors or compensation committee determine to implement the Program, we expect the Program to commence within twelve months of the date of the Annual Meeting, following the filing and completion of a Schedule TO referred to in the next paragraph. If the Program doesis not commence within this time frame, we would not conduct another option exchange program without first seeking stockholder approval. The Exchange Date is currently anticipated to be in June 2017. Even if the Program is approved by our stockholders,binding. However, our board of directors and compensation committee, will retainwhich is responsible for designing and administering our executive Compensation Program, value the authority,opinions expressed by stockholders in their discretion, to terminate, amend, or postponevote on this proposal, and will consider the Program at any time prior to expirationoutcome of the election period under the Program.
Upon the commencement of the Program, Eligible Employees holding Eligible Options will receive written materials in the form of an “Offer to Exchange” explaining the precise terms and timing of the Program. At or before the commencement of the Program, we will file an Offer to Exchange with the SEC as part of a tender offer statement on Schedule TO. Eligible Employees, as well as stockholders and members of the public, will be able to obtain the Offer to Exchange and other documents filed by us with the SEC free of charge from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The tender offer that we will commence in connection with the Program is referred to herein as the “Exchange Offer.” Eligible Employees will be given at least 20 business days to elect to surrender their Eligible Options in exchangevote when making future compensation decisions for New RSUs.
Potential Modification to Terms of Program
The terms of the Program will be described in an Offer to Exchange that will be filed with the SEC. Although we do not anticipate that the SEC would require us to materially modify the Program’s terms and conditions, it is possible that we will need to alter the terms of the Program to comply with comments from the SEC. Changes in the terms of the Program may also be required for tax purposes. It is possible that we may need to make modifications to the terms offered to Eligible Employees in countries outside the United States to comply with local legal requirements, or for tax or accounting reasons. The board of directors or the compensation committee will retain the discretion to make any such necessary or desirable changes to the terms of the Program for purposes of complying with comments from the SEC or optimizing the U.S. or foreign tax consequences.
We may also find it necessary or appropriate to change the terms of the Program to take into account the results of this vote, or our administrative needs, legal requirements, accounting rules, other policy decisions that make it appropriate to change the Program, and the like. The final terms of the Program will be set forth in the Offer to Exchange. The board of directors or the compensation committee will retain the discretion to make any necessary or desirable changes to the terms of the Program. In addition, our board of directors or the compensation committee reserves the right to amend, postpone, or cancel the Program once it has begun. Additionally, we may decide not to implement the Program even if our stockholders approve the Program. If our stock price increases significantly, we may reassess implementing the Program.
Summary of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences
We believe the exchange of Eligible Options for New RSUs pursuant to the Program should be treated as a non-taxable exchange and neither we nor any of the Eligible Employees should recognize any income for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the surrender


of Eligible Options and the grant of New RSUs. The tax consequences for participating non-U.S. employees may differ from the U.S. federal income tax consequences described in the preceding sentences. A more detailed summary of the applicable tax considerations to Eligible Employees will be provided in the Offer to Exchange. The applicable U.S. federal income tax law and regulations may change, and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service may adopt a position contrary to the summary below. All holders of Eligible Options are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the tax treatment of participating in the Program under all applicable laws prior to participating in the Program.
Accounting Impact
We account for share-based payments in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, or ASC 718. Under ASC 718, to the extent the fair value of each award of RSUs granted pursuant to the Program exceeds the fair value of the surrendered stock options, such excess is considered incremental compensation for accounting purposes. This excess, in addition to any remaining unrecognized expense for the Eligible Options surrendered in exchange for the New RSUs, will be recognized by us as compensation expense. This expense will be recognized ratably over the vesting period of the New RSUs in accordance with the requirements of ASC 718. In the event that any awards of New RSUs are forfeited prior to their vesting due to termination of an employee’s service, the compensation cost related to the forfeited RSUs will not be recognized.
The compensation expense recognized in connection with the Program may be affected by fluctuations in our stock price before the Exchange Offer actually occurs. We currently recognize and, to the extent not exchanged in the Program, will continue to recognize compensation expense relating to the Eligible Options over their remaining vesting period even though they are underwater and do not fully provide the intended incentive and retention benefits.
Program Participation
Participation in the Program is completely voluntary. As a result, we are not able to predict who or how many Eligible Employees will elect to participate, how many stock options will be surrendered for exchange, or the number of New RSUs that may be issued. The Program will not be conditioned on a minimum level of participation; provided, however, that any Eligible Option surrendered must be surrendered in its entirety.
Effect on Stockholders
We are unable to predict the precise impact of the Program on our stockholders because we are unable to predict how many or which Eligible Employees will exchange their Eligible Options. The following table summarizes the effect of the Program, assuming, as of February 28, 2017, all Eligible Options were exchanged and the Assumed Exchange Date Price:
  Prior to the Exchange Following the Exchange
Shares covered by all outstanding stock options (including stock options held by all employees, executive officers, and directors)33,058,604 26,958,509
Shares covered by all outstanding RSUs13,230,384 16,280,364
Shares available for future award grants under the 2015 Plan16,295,183 19,345,298
Financial Statements
Our financial statements and other information required by Item 13(a) are incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2017.


Certain Interests of Executive Officers
In considering the recommendation of our board of directors with respect to the approval of the Program, stockholders should be aware that certain of our executive officers have interests, which may present them with conflicts of interest in connection with this Proposal 3. As discussed above, our executive officers, other than our President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman, Chief Technology Officer, and Chief Financial Officer, are eligible to participate in the Program. Our board of directors recognizes that approval of this Proposal 3 may therefore benefit certain of ournamed executive officers.
If you are both a stockholder and an employee holding Eligible Options, please note that voting to approve the Program does not constitute an election to participate in the Program.

THEOUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” THE STOCK OPTION EXCHANGE PROGRAM FOR ELIGIBLE EMPLOYEES (INCLUDING CERTAIN OF OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS)PROPOSAL NO. 3



PROPOSAL NO. 4

STOCKHOLDER PROPOSAL REGARDING MAJORITY VOTING

We have been advised that Kenneth Steiner, 14 Stoner Ave., 2M, Great Neck, NY 11021, intends to submit the proposal set forth below at the Annual Meeting. If the proponent of the proposal, or representatives who are qualified under state law, are present at our Annual Meeting and submit the proposals for a vote, then the proposals will be voted upon. The stockholder proposal, including any supporting statements, are included exactly as submitted to us by the proponent of the proposal. The board of directors’ recommendation on the proposal is presented immediately following our opposing statement to the proposal. The company will provide the number of the company’s voting securities that Kenneth Steiner holds to any stockholder promptly upon receiving an oral or written request.
Proposal 4 - Simple Majority Vote
RESOLVED, Shareholders request that our board take each step necessary so that each voting requirement in our charter and bylaws (that is explicit or implicit due to default to state law) that calls for a greater than simple majority vote be eliminated, and replaced by a requirement for a majority of the votes cast for and against applicable proposals, or a simple majority vote in compliance with applicable laws. If necessary this means the closest standard to a majority of the votes cast for and against such proposals consistent with applicable laws.
Shareholders are willing to pay a premium for shares of companies that have excellent corporate governance. Supermajority voting requirements have been found to be one of 6 entrenching mechanisms that are negatively related to company performance according to “What Matters in Corporate Governance” by Lucien Bebchuk, Alma Cohen and Allen Ferrell of the Harvard Law School. Supermajority requirements are used to block initiatives supported by most shareowners but opposed by a status quo management.
This proposal topic won from 74% to 88% support at Weyerhaeuser, Alcoa, Waste Management, Goldman Sachs, FirstEnergy, McGraw-Hill and Macy’s. The proponents of these proposals included Ray T. Chevedden and William Steiner.
Currently a 1%-minority can frustrate the will of our 66%-shareholder majority in an election with 67% of shares casting ballots. In other words a 1%-minority could have the power to prevent shareholders from improving the governing rules of our company. This can be particularly important during periods of management underperformance and/or an economic downturn. Currently the role of shareholders is downsized because management can simply push the snooze button in response to a 66%-vote of shareholders on certain issues.
Please vote yes:
Simple Majority Vote - Proposal
The Company’s Statement in Opposition
Our board of directors recommends a vote “AGAINST” Proposal 4 for the following reasons:
The board of directors continually reviews our corporate governance practices, including our voting standards, to ensure that our practices serve our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders. In this regard, the board of directors, after thoughtful review of this topic, believes that the current voting standards are appropriate and, therefore, recommends that our shareholders vote against this proposal.
We already apply a simple majority voting standard for matters submitted for shareholder approval, with very limited exceptions.
Although we utilize a simple majority voting standard for most of the items upon which shareholders are entitled to vote, our restated certificate of incorporation currently requires the affirmative vote of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent of the outstanding shares entitled to vote for only two matters:


adoption, amendment or repeal of our restated bylaws; and
amendment or repeal of our restated certificate of incorporation.
Our restated certificate of incorporation also contains a supermajority director removal provision, which is currently inoperable. That provision will become operable in 2027 or earlier if the outstanding shares of Class B common stock represent less than a majority of the total voting power of the then-outstanding shares of our capital stock. Following the occurrence of that event, directors may be removed only by the affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds of the voting power of the then-outstanding shares of our capital stock. Currently, the director removal provision operates with a simple majority voting standard.
The limited matters requiring supermajority approval are meant to preserve and maximize long-term shareholder value.
The board of directors believes that its independence and oversight of management is maintained effectively through a strong leadership structure, the composition of our board of directors, and sound corporate governance policies and practices. Contrary to the proponent’s assertions, the board of directors strongly believes that our current corporate governance policies and practices-of which the limited supermajority vote requirements are one part-are most favorable for us and our shareholders and serve to protect and maximize long-term shareholder value.
Delaware law permits supermajority voting requirements, and we have adopted these provisions to appropriately assure that fundamental changes to our governance are only made with the support of a broad consensus of our stockholders, rather than just a “simple majority,” as requested by the proposal. In the event that the supermajority voting requirement is eliminated and our existing voting standard is applied to all matters, our shareholders, particularly minority shareholders, may be vulnerable to the potentially self-interested actions of one or a few large short-term investors. In such a case, it would be possible for a group of shareholders, who may own their shares only as of a voting record date or may have hedged their economic exposure, and who are not bound by a fiduciary duty to act in our or all shareholders’ best interests, to amend our bylaws or to remove directors for reasons that may not be in our or our shareholders’ best long-term interest. Our targeted supermajority vote requirements, which are limited to a small number of matters critical to our corporate governance, are intended to avoid that result and help preserve and maximize long-term shareholder value.
We are committed to strong corporate governance.
We and our board of directors are committed to strong corporate governance practices. As noted above, the board of directors continually reviews our corporate governance practices to ensure that our practices continue to serve our best interests and the best interests of our shareholders. After careful consideration, the board of directors has concluded that implementation of this proposal could disadvantage our shareholders with respect to certain key matters, and adversely impact our carefully considered corporate governance practices. Our board of directors, therefore, believes that the proposal is not in our or our shareholders’ best interests at this time.
OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE “AGAINST” PROPOSAL NO. 4






SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of February 28, 2017,2019, by:
each of our named executive officers;
each of our current directors;
all of our directors and named executive officers as a group; and
each stockholder known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of Class A or Class B common stock.
Percentage ownership of our common stock before this offering is based on 183,655,272221,785,491 shares of our Class A common stock and 43,450,74831,281,638 shares of our Class B common stock outstanding as of February 28, 2017.2019. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and thus represents voting or investment power with respect to our securities. Unless otherwise indicated below, to our knowledge, the persons and entities named in the table below have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares beneficially owned, subject to community property laws where applicable. Shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock subject to stock options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of February 28, 20172019 or RSUs that may vest and settle within 60 days of February 28, 20172019 are deemed to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person holding the stock options or RSUs for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.


Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each of the individuals and entities named below is c/o Fitbit, Inc., 405 Howard199 Fremont Street, 14th Floor, San Francisco, California 94105.
 Shares Beneficially Owned 
 Class AClass B 
Name of Beneficial OwnerShares%Shares%
% of Total Voting Power(1)
Named Executive Officers and Directors:     
James Park(2)
30,650
*18,365,899
38.928.0
Eric N. Friedman(3)
16,450
*19,572,714
42.130.2
William Zerella(4)
55,755
*1,294,059
2.92.1
Andy Missan(5)
59,550
*456,117
1.0*
Edward M. Scal(6)†
10,075
*5,565,110
12.28.7
Laura Alber

Jonathan D. Callaghan(7)
7,027,343
3.88,437,081
19.414.8
Glenda Flanagan

Steven Murray(8)
5,139,993
2.8
*
Christopher Paisley(9)

60,000
**
All executive officers and directors as a group (11 persons)(10)
12,339,816
6.753,750,980
99.175.7
Other 5% Stockholders:     
True Ventures II, L.P.(11)
7,027,343
3.88,437,081
19.414.8
The Vanguard Group(12)
10,591,002
5.8
1.7
BlackRock, Inc.(13)
9,839,685
5.4
1.6
 Shares Beneficially Owned 
 Class AClass B 
Name of Beneficial OwnerShares%Shares%
% of Total Voting Power(1)
Named Executive Officers and Directors:     
James Park(2)
705,409
*19,916,823
54.4
34.0
Eric N. Friedman(3)
422,864
*21,156,313
58.8
36.4
William Zerella(4)
1,565,705
*

*
Ronald W. Kisling(5)
100,596
*433,689
1.4
*
Andy Missan(6)
122,780
*263,822
*
*
Jeff Devine(7)
97,585
*

*
Laura J. Alber(8)
42,395
*

*
Matthew Bromberg(9)
6,507
*

*
Glenda Flanagan(10)
60,643
*

*
Bradley Fluegel(11)
7,424
*

*
Steven Murray(12)
2,042,332
*

*
Christopher Paisley(13)
67,332
*60,000
*
*
All executive officers and directors as a group (12 persons)(14)
5,241,572
2.341,830,647
99.6
65.7
Other 5% Stockholders:     
The Vanguard Group(15)
22,350,605
10.1

4.2
DNB Asset Management AS(16)
20,822,753
9.4

3.9
BlackRock, Inc.(17)
16,696,783
7.5

3.1
__________________
* Less than 1%
Mr. Scal, our former Chief Business Officer, departed from the company on March 31, 2017.



(1) Percentage of total voting power represents voting power with respect to all shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, as a single class. The holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share, and holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share.
(2) Consists of (i) 12,818,59514,204,544 shares of Class B common stock held by Mr. Park as trustee of The James Park Revocable Trust, (ii) 900,000414,051 shares of Class B common stock held by Mr. Park as trustee of The James Park 2017 Annuity Trust, (iii) 900,000127,206 shares of Class BA common stock held by Mr. Park, as trustee of The James Park Revocable Trust, (iv) 30,65033,070 shares of Class A common stock subject to RSUs to be released within 60 days of February 28, 2017, and2019, (v) 3,747,304545,133 shares of Class BA common stock subject to stock options held by Mr. Park that are exercisable within 60 days of February 28, 2017.2019 and (vi) 5,298,228 shares of Class B common stock subject to stock options held by Mr. Park that are exercisable within 60 days of February 28, 2019.
(3) Consists of (i) 12,878,085 shares of Class B common stock held by Mr. Friedman, (ii) 3,047,6471,200,000 shares of Class B common stock held by Mr. Friedman as trustee of the Friedman 2015 GRAT, (iii) 552,353515,054 shares of Class B common stock held by Eric Friedman as trustee of the Friedman 20162017 GRAT A, (iv) 16,450564,209 shares of Class B common stock held by Eric Friedman as trustee of the Friedman 2017 GRAT B, (v) 660,369 shares of Class B common stock held by Eric Friedman as trustee of the Friedman 2018 GRAT A, (vi) 660,368 shares of Class B common stock held by Eric Friedman as trustee of the Friedman 2018 GRAT B, (vii) 34,193 shares of Class A common stock held by Mr. Friedman, (viii) 8,229 shares of Class A common stock subject to RSUs to be released within 60 days of February 28, 2017, and (v) 3,094,6292019, (ix) 380,442 shares of Class BA common stock subject to stock options held by Mr. Friedman that are exercisable within 60 days of February 28, 2017.2019, and (x) 4,678,228 shares of Class B common stock subject to stock options held by Mr. Friedman that are exercisable within 60 days of February 28, 2019.
(4) Mr. Zerella served as our Chief Financial Officer until June 15, 2018. Consists of (i) 2,5001,519,600 shares of Class A common stock held by Mr. Zerella, and (ii) 43,60546,105 shares of Class A common stock held by Mr. Zerella as trustee of The Zerella Family Trust, (iii) 9,650Trust.
(5) Consists of (i) 78,505 shares of Class A common stock held by Mr. Kisling, (ii) 22,091 shares of Class A common stock subject to RSUs to be released within 60 days of February 28, 2017,2019, and (iv) 1,294,059(iii) 433,689 shares of Class B common stock subject to stock options held by Mr. ZerellaKisling that are exercisable within 60 days of February 28, 2017.2019.


(5)
(6) Consists of (i) 55,00084,140 shares of Class A common stock held by Mr. Missan, (ii) 4,55038,640 shares of Class A common stock subject to RSUs to be released within 60 days of February 28, 2017,2019, and (iii) 456,117263,822 shares of Class B common stock subject to stock options held by Mr. Missan that are exercisable within 60 days of February 28, 2017.2019.
(6)(7) Consists of (i) 2,50075,606 shares of Class A common stock and 3,132,670 shares of Class B common stock held by Mr. Scal,Devine, and (ii) 77,516 shares of Class B common stock held by Mr. Scal’s spouse as trustee of the Black Mesa Trust, (iii) 77,516 shares of Class B common stock held by Mr. Scal as trustee of the Red Mesa Trust, (iv) 72,484 shares of Class B common stock held by Mr. Scal’s spouse as trustee of the Red Mesa 2 Trust, (v) 72,484 shares of Class B common stock held by Mr. Scal as trustee of the Black Mesa 2 Trust, (vi) 7,57521,979 shares of Class A common stock subject to RSUs to be released within 60 days of February 28, 2017, and (vii) 2,132,4402019.
(8) Consists of 42,395 shares of Class BA common stock subject to options held by Mr. Scal that are exercisable within 60 days of February 28, 2017.Ms. Alber.
(7)(9) Consists of 1,044,3376,507 shares of Class A common stock held by Mr. Callaghan as trusteeBromberg.
(10) Consists of the Callaghan Family Trust and the60,643 shares of Class A common stock andheld by Ms. Flanagan.
(11) Consists of 7,424 shares of Class A and Class B common stock referred to in footnote (11) below.held by Mr. Fluegel.
(8)(12) Consists of 5,139,993(i) 42,332 shares of Class A common stock held by Mr. Murray, and (ii) 2,000,000 shares of Class A common stock held by SoftBank PrinceVille Investments, L.P. SB PV GP L.P. is the general partner of SoftBank PrinceVille Investments, L.P. and SB PV GP LLC is the general partner of SB PV GP L.P. The managing members of SB PV GP LLC are Ronald D. Fisher, Kabir Misra, and Steven Murray, and, therefore, may be deemed to share voting and dispositive power over the shares held by SoftBank PrinceVille Investments, L.P. The address for these entities is 38 Glen Avenue, Newton, Massachusetts 02459.
(9)(13) Consists of (i) 67,332 shares of Class A common stock held by Mr. Paisley, and (ii) 60,000 shares of Class B common stock subject to stock options held by Mr. Paisley that are exercisable within 60 days of February 28, 2017.2019.
(10)(14) Consists of (i) 12,270,9412,626,283 shares of Class A common stock, (ii) 42,966,43131,096,680 shares of Class B common stock, (iii) 68,875124,009 shares of Class A common stock subject to RSUs to be released within 60 days of February 28, 2017, and2019, (iv) 10,784,549925,575 shares of Class BA common stock subject to stock options that are exercisable within 60 days of February 28, 20172019, and (v) 10,733,967 shares of Class B common stock subject to stock options that are exercisable within 60 days of February 28, 2019 held by all our executive officers and directors, as a group. These amounts exclude shares beneficially owned by Tim Roberts, our former Executive Vice President, Interactive, who ended his employment with us on March 17, 2017.
(11) Consists of (i) 13,671 Class A shares held by True Venture Management, L.L.C., which is controlled by Jonathan D. Callaghan and Philip Black, (ii) 969,337 Class A shares held by Mr. Black as trustee of the Black-Sandquist 1999 Family Trust, and (iii) 4,999,998 shares of Class A common stock and 8,437,081 shares of Class B common stock held of record by True Ventures II, L.P., or TV II, a Delaware limited partnership, for itself and as nominee for True Ventures II-A, L.P., or TV II-A, a Delaware limited partnership. True Venture Partners II, L.L.C., or TVP II, a Delaware limited liability company, is the general partner of each of TV II and TV II-A. Jonathan D. Callaghan and Philip Black are the managing members of TVP II and, therefore, may be deemed to share voting and dispositive power over the shares held by TV II and TV II-A. The address for these entities is 530 Lytton Avenue, Suite 303, Palo Alto, California 94301.
(12)(15) Based on information contained in a Schedule 13G/A13G filed with the SEC by The Vanguard Group on February 13, 2017.January 10, 2019. Of the shares of Class A common stock beneficially owned, The Vanguard Group reported that it had sole voting power with respect to 76,553260,362 shares, shared voting power with respect to 6,70013,000 shares, sole dispositive power with respect to 10,514,36322,098,904 shares, and shared dispositive power with respect to 76,639251,701 shares. The address for The Vanguard Group is 100 Vanguard Blvd., Malvern, Pennsylvania, 19355.
(13)(16) Based on information contained in a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC by DNB Asset Management AS on January 24, 2019. Of the shares of Class A common stock beneficially owned, DNB Asset Management AS reported that it had sole voting and dispositive power with respect to 20,822,753 shares. The address for DNB Asset Management AS is Dronning Aufemias, Gate 30, Bygg M12N0191, Oslo, Norway.
(17) Based on information contained in a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC by BlackRock, Inc. on January 30, 2017.February 4, 2019. Of the shares of Class A common stock beneficially owned, BlackRock, Inc. reported that it had sole voting power with respect to 9,302,19915,755,260 shares and sole dispositive power with respect to 9,839,68516,696,783 shares. The address for BlackRock, Inc. is 55 East 52nd Street, New York, New York, 10055.







EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The names of our executive officers, their ages as of AprilMarch 1, 2017,2019, and their positions are shown below.
Named Executive OfficersAgePosition(s)
James Park4042President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman
Eric N. Friedman3941Chief Technology Officer and Director
William ZerellaRonald W. Kisling6058Chief Financial Officer
Jeff Devine5557Executive Vice President of Operations
Andy Missan5557Executive Vice President, and General Counsel and Secretary


For information regarding Messrs. Park and Friedman, please refer to “Proposal No. 1—Election of Directors.”
William Zerella Ronald W. Kislinghas served as our Chief Financial Officer since June 2014. From October2018. Mr. Kisling joined us in August 2014 and served as our Chief Accounting Officer until his appointment as Chief Financial Officer. Before joining us, from March 2011 to JuneAugust 2014, Mr. Zerellahe served as Chief Financial Officer of Vocera Communications,Nanometrics Inc, an industrial manufacturing company. Prior to Nanometrics, Mr. Kisling served as Vice President of Finance and then Chief Financial Officer of PGP Corporation, a data encryption and security software company, until its acquisition by Symantec Corporation, a cybersecurity software company, in June 2010. Prior to that, Mr. Kisling held Chief Financial Officer positions at Portal Software Inc., a publicly held wireless healthcare communications company. Prior to Vocera, from July 2006 to September 2011, Mr. Zerella served as Chief Financial Officer for Force10 Networksproduct-based billing and revenue management software company, and SPL WorldGroup, Inc., a networkingrevenue and operations management software company, which were both acquired by Dell Inc. Prior to Force10, Mr. Zerella servedOracle Corporation, as Chief Financial Officer at Infinera Corporation, a telecom equipment provider, and Chief Financial Officer at Calient Networks,well as Saba Software, Inc., an optical equipment provider. Mr. Zerella has alsoa talent management software company. Before that, he held various other senior level financiala variety of finance and business managementaccounting positions at several companies, including GTECH CorporationSymantec and DeloitteCoopers & Touche LLP.Lybrand L.L.P., a public accounting firm. Mr. ZerellaKisling holds a B.S.B.A. in accountingeconomics from the New York Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. from the New York University Leonard N. Stern School of Business.Stanford University.
Jeff Devine has served as our Executive Vice President of Operations since February 2017. From September 2015 to February 2017, Mr. Devine served as the Chief Operating Officer of uBeam Inc., a wireless charging company. From August 2010 to September 2015, Mr. Devine served as Vice President, Supply Chain Management of Cisco Systems, Inc., a networking and information technology company. Prior to Cisco, Mr. Devine served as Senior Vice President, Global Operations at Palm, Inc., a smartphone company acquired by The Hewlett-Packard Company in July 2010. Mr. Devine has also held various senior level positions at Nokia Corporation, a communications and information technology company, and The Boeing Company, an aerospace and defense company. Mr. Devine holds a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Dayton and an M.B.A. from theSouthern Methodist University Cox School of Business at Southern Methodist University.Business.
Andy Missan has served as our Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since October 2015 and prior to that, served as our Vice President and General Counsel since March 2013 and became an Executive Vice President in October 2015.2013. From July 2009 to October 2012, Mr. Missan served as Vice President and General Counsel at Bytemobile, Inc., a mobile video optimization company. Prior to Bytemobile, Mr. Missan served as Vice President and General Counsel of MobiTV, Inc., a provider of mobile video solutions, Vice President and General Counsel of Danger, Inc., a mobile devices and services company, and Vice President and General Counsel of Replay TV, Inc., a DVR technology company. He has also held senior legal and business affairs positions at the RCA Records Label/BMG Entertainment and Sony Music Entertainment Inc. Mr. Missan holds a B.A. in government from Oberlin College and a J.D. from Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law.





EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
This compensation discussion and analysis provides an overview of our executive compensation philosophy and objectives. It also describes the compensation programCompensation Program for our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer, and our three most highly-compensated executive officers (other than our principal executive officer and principal financial officer) during 2016.2018. These individuals are referred to herein as our named executive officers. During 2016,2018, these individuals were:
James Park, our President and Chief Executive Officer, or our CEO;
Eric N. Friedman, our Chief Technology Officer;Officer, or our CTO;
William Zerella, our Chief Financial Officer;Officer until June 15, 2018;
Ronald W. Kisling, our Chief Financial Officer as of June 15, 2018;
Andy Missan, our Executive Vice President and General Counsel; and
Edward M. Scal,Jeff Devine, our former Chief Business Officer.Executive Vice President of Operations.

Executive Compensation Philosophy and Program Design
2016 OverviewOur executive Compensation Program is guided by our overarching philosophy of paying for performance. We believe our executive Compensation Program is competitive, reasonable, and appropriately balances the goals of attracting, retaining, motivating, and rewarding our executive officers with the interests of our stockholders.
 Fitbit is transforming the way millions of people around the world achieve their health and fitness goals. We pioneered the connected health and fitness market in 2007, and since then,Consistent with our pay for performance philosophy, we have grown intodesigned our executive Compensation Program to achieve the following primary objectives:
provide competitive compensation and benefits that will attract, retain, motivate, and reward a leading global healthhighly-qualified leadership team within the context of responsible cost management;
directly and fitness brand. The Fitbit platform combines connected healthsubstantially link rewards to measurable corporate performance (both financial and fitness devicesoperational results) and consider individual performance in determining go-forward compensation opportunities;
reinforce the alignment of our executive officers’ interests with softwarethe objective of creating long-term stockholder value by linking their long-term incentive compensation opportunities to value creation and services,their annual cash bonus opportunities to our annual financial and operating performance; and
provide the ability to significantly differentiate rewards for overachievement against company goals.
Further, when making compensation decisions for our executive officers, including an online dashboardour named executive officers, the compensation committee seeks to set both individual pay elements and mobile applications,target total direct compensation at competitive levels, using a balanced and flexible approach that is not restricted by adherence to specific percentile-based target levels. In other words, while competitive market data analytics, motivational and social tools, personalized insights, and virtual coaching through customized fitness plans and interactive workouts. Our platform helps people become more active,are important references in understanding general market practice, our actual compensation decisions reflect the compensation committee’s exercise more, sleep better, eat smarter, and manage their weight. Fitbit appeals to a large, mainstream health and fitness market by addressing these key needs with advanced technology embedded in simple-to-use products and services.
2016 Business Highlights
In 2016, we achievedof its business judgment after considering the following key factors:
equity awards amounts are determined after considering dilution levels, our retention objectives, company and individual performance, and other relevant factors; and
actual pay opportunities and outcomes will vary among executive officers and relative to market based on company performance and our position relative to our peers based on financial and operational results:
sold 22.3 million connected health and fitness devices;
revenue was $2.17 billion, an increase of 17% over 2015;
revenue grew 11% year-over-year in the United States, and grew 86% in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, and declined 26% in Asia and the Pacific;
adjusted EBITDA was $30.0 million, a decrease of 92% over 20151;
launched four new products, the most in our history: Fitbit Charge 2, Alta, Fitbit Blaze, and Fitbit Flex 2, which represented 70% of revenue;
26% of all activations in 2016 came from repeat customers; of the repeat customers-20% were reactivated (customers who were inactive for 90 days or greater); and
active users were 23.2 million and registered device users were 50.2 million as of December 31, 2016.other relevant criteria.


__________________The compensation committee does not establish a specific level for the target total direct compensation opportunity of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, but rather determines specific pay levels after a holistic consideration of:
1Absolute Financial Performance See— our performance against the section titled “Selected Financial Data—Adjusted EBITDA”financial and operational objectives established by the compensation committee and our board of directors;
Competitive Market Positioning — the compensation practices of our compensation peer group and the position of each executive officer’s compensation relative to peer company compensation levels;
Individual Skills and Experience (New Hires) — for newly-hired executive officers, an individual’s experience, skill set, expertise, or unique competitive market factors;
Individual Skills and Experience (Incumbent Executives) — for incumbent executive officers, an individual’s executive officer’s skills, general experience, experience in position, criticality of his or her position or role, qualifications relative to other similarly-situated executives at the companies in our Annual Reportcompensation peer group, and retention objectives;
Comparative Scope of Role — the scope of each executive officer’s role compared to other similarly-situated executives at the companies in our compensation peer group;
Past Performance — the performance of each individual executive officer, based on Form 10-K filed witha subjective assessment of his or her contributions to our overall performance, ability to lead his or her business unit or function, and work as part of a team, all of which reflect our core values; and
Internal Parity — compensation parity among our executive officers.
These factors provide the SEC on March 1, 2017framework for a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), whichcompensation decision-making and final decisions regarding the compensation opportunity for each executive officer. No single factor is determinative in setting pay levels, nor is the most comparableimpact of any factor on the determination of pay levels quantifiable.
Program Design
We structure the annual compensation of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, using three principal elements: (i) base salary, (ii) annual cash bonus opportunities, and (iii) long-term incentive compensation opportunities in the form of equity awards. While the weight of each element may vary from year to year, the ultimate goal is to achieve our compensation objectives as described above.
To ensure our executive officers’ interests are aligned with those of our stockholders, a significant portion of our executive officers’ annual target total direct compensation opportunity is “at-risk” and will vary above or below target levels commensurate with our performance. To motivate and reward individual initiative and effort, we emphasize performance-based compensation that appropriately rewards our executive officers for delivering financial, measure presentedoperational, and strategic results that meet or exceed pre-established goals through our annual cash bonus plan and long-term incentive compensation arrangements in accordancethe form of equity awards. Further, we believe that equity awards are also a key incentive for our executive officers to drive long-term growth.
To ensure that we are aligned with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.our compensation philosophy, the compensation committee regularly evaluates the relationship between the reported values of the equity awards granted to our executive officers and the amount of compensation realizable (and, ultimately, realized) from such awards in subsequent years, which will vary depending on the performance of our Class A common stock.
2018 Overview
We entered 2018 with a plan to return our business back to growth and profitability, while delivering on certain financial and product targets. While we achieved a number of important milestones in 2018, including the launch of Fitbit Versa, our second smartwatch, Fitbit Ace, our activity tracker designed for kids 8+, and Fitbit Charge 3, our newest activity tracker, we did not fully

2016
meet the performance targets set by our board of directors. Decisions related to base salaries, bonus payouts and equity grants reflect both the challenges we faced during 2018 as well as our achievements during the year.
2018 Executive Compensation Highlights
Our board of directors and the compensation committee as applicable, took the following key compensation actions with respect to our named executive officers for 2016:2018:
Base Salariesand Annual Cash Bonuses —In early 2016,2017, our CEO and CTO voluntarily reduced their base salaries for 2017 to $1 and their target annual bonus cash opportunities were set as a fixed dollar amount, as opposed to a percentage of base salary. In 2018, base salaries for our CEO and CTO were reinstated, along with target annual cash bonus opportunities (as a percentage of base salary), with 2018 target total cash compensation set equal to 2017 target cash compensation. In May 2018, we increased the salary and target annual base salaries to reflect appropriate levels of fixed compensationcash bonus opportunity for William Zerella, our former Chief Financial Officer as a retention mechanism. Base salary and target annual cash bonus opportunities for all other named executive officers with commensurate responsibilities at similarly-situated publicly-traded companies with comparable revenues, including increasing the annual base salary of our CEO to $775,000.
Annual Cash Bonuses — We did not pay annual cash bonuses based on our performance as measured against our pre-established corporate financial metrics.remained flat from 2017.
Long-Term Incentive Compensation — In early 2016,2018, we granted long-term incentive compensation to each of our named executive officers in the form of options to purchase sharesRSUs and introduced Performance Stock Units, or PSUs, for our CEO and CTO. Two-thirds of our Class A common stock and RSU awards that may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock, including an option to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and an RSU award that may be settled for shares of our Class A common stockthe equity value granted to our CEO with an aggregate grant date fair valueand CTO in 2018 are contingent upon achievement of $3.4 million.various stock prices in addition to time-based vesting. An explanation of such awards is set forth below.
Total Direct Compensation — 2018 total direct compensation (consisting of base salary, earned cash performance bonus and equity award value (based on the total grant date fair value as determined under FASB ASC Topic 718)) for our CEO was below the market 25th percentile, while total direct compensation for our named executive officers as a group approximated the market 30th percentile.
Executive Compensation Policies and Best Practices
During 2016,2018, we maintained the following executive compensation policies and best practices, consistent with our executive compensation philosophy. These policies and practices are intended to drive performance as well as prohibit or minimize behaviors that we do not believe serve our stockholders’ long-term interests:
Independent Compensation Committee Advisor. The compensation committee engages and retains its own independent compensation consultant. During 2016,2018, the compensation committee engaged Compensia, a national compensation consulting firm, to assist with its responsibilities. Compensia performed no other services for us during 2016.2018.
Annual Executive Compensation Review. The compensation committee conducts an annual reviewreviews and approval ofapproves our compensation strategy throughout the year as necessary, including a review and determination of our compensation peer group used for comparative purposes.
Compensation At-Risk. Our executive compensation programCompensation Program is designed to align the interests of our executive officers and stockholders such that a significant portion of our executive officers’ target total direct compensation, including both annual cash bonuses and equity awards, is “at risk” based on our performance.
No Retirement Plans. Other than our tax-qualified Section 401(k) retirement plan, which is generally available to all U.S. employees, we do not currently offer, nor do we have plans to provide, pension arrangements or defined benefit retirement plans or arrangements to our executive officers.
No Perquisites. With limited exception, we do not generally provide perquisites or other personal benefits to our executive officers. In 2016,2018, perquisites were limited to the reimbursement of parking expenses and cell phone expenses and for one named executive officer, for hotel lodging in San Francisco.
No Tax Reimbursements. We do not provide any tax reimbursement payments (including “gross-ups”) on any perquisites or other personal benefits, except in connection with our executive relocation program.


“Double-Trigger” Change-in-Control Arrangements. All change-in-control payments and benefits are based on a “double-trigger” arrangement (that is, they require both a change in control and a qualifying termination of employment before payments and benefits are paid).
No Special Health or Welfare Benefits. Our executive officers participate in broad-based company-sponsored health and welfare benefits programs on the same basis as our other full-time, salaried employees.
No Post-Employment Tax Reimbursements. We do not provide any tax reimbursement payments (including “gross-ups”) on any severance or change-in-control payments or benefits.
Hedging and Pledging Prohibited. We prohibit our executive officers and the members of our board of directors from hedging or pledging our securities.
Executive Compensation Philosophy and Program Design
Our executive compensation program is guided by our overarching philosophy of paying for performance. We believe our executive compensation program is competitive, reasonable, and appropriately balances the goals of attracting, retaining, motivating, and rewarding our executive officers.
Consistent with this philosophy, we have designed our executive compensation program to achieve the following primary objectives:
provide competitive compensation and benefits that will attract, retain, motivate, and reward a highly-qualified leadership team within the context of responsible cost management;
directly and substantially link rewards
Compensation Recovery Policy. In July 2018, we adopted a compensation recovery policy, our executive officers, which allows us to measurable corporate performance (both financial and operational results) and consider individual performancerecover “incentive-based compensation” from the executives in determining go-forward compensation opportunities;certain circumstances.
reinforce the alignment
Stock Ownership Guidelines. Under our ownership guidelines, our executive officers and members of our board of directors must hold the following minimum number of shares within five years of becoming an executive officers’ interests withofficer or director (or, if later, five years after the objectiveadoption of creating long-term stockholder value by linking their long-term incentive compensation opportunities to value creation and their annual cash bonus opportunities to our annual operating performance; andpolicy):
provideCEO: the ability to significantly differentiate rewardslesser of 5x annual base salary or the value equivalent number of shares;
Other executive officers: the lesser of 1x annual base salary or the value equivalent number of shares; or
Directors: the lesser of 5x annual base retainer (excluding fees paid for overachievement against company goals.serving as the lead independent director or chairperson of the board of directors, or for serving as the chairperson or member of a committee of the board of directors) or the value equivalent number of shares.

Further, when making compensation decisions for our executive officers, including our named executive officers, the compensation committee seeks to set both individual pay elements and target total direct compensation at competitive levels, using a balanced and flexible approach that is not restricted by adherence to specific percentile-based target levels. In other words, while competitive market data are an important reference in understanding general market practice, our actual compensation decisions reflect the compensation committee’s exercise of its business judgment after considering the following key factors:
to the extent there are gaps to market in target pay positioning for cash compensation, alignment may occur over multiple years;
the number of equity awards we grant will be subject to adjustment year-over-year to reflect dilution considerations, our retention objectives, company and individual performance, and other relevant factors; and
actual pay opportunities and outcomes will vary among executive officers and relative to market based on company performance and our position relative to our peers based on financial and other relevant criteria.


Program Design
We structure the annual compensation of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, using three principal elements: (i) base salary, (ii) annual cash bonus opportunities, and (iii) long-term incentive compensation opportunities in the form of equity awards. While the weight of each element may vary from year to year, the ultimate goal is to achieve our compensation objectives as described above.
We evaluate performance over both short-term (annual) and multi-year periods based on our financial and operational performance.
To ensure our executive officers’ interests are aligned with those of our stockholders, a significant portion of our executive officers’ annual target total direct compensation opportunity is “at-risk” and will vary above or below target levels commensurate with our performance. To motivate and reward individual initiative and effort, we also intend to emphasize performance-based compensation that appropriately rewards our executive officers for delivering financial, operational, and strategic results that meet or exceed pre-established goals through our annual cash bonus plan and long-term incentive compensation arrangements in the form of equity awards.
Further, we believe that equity awards are a key incentive for our executive officers to drive long-term growth. To ensure that we are aligned with our compensation philosophy, the compensation committee intends to regularly evaluate the relationship between the reported values of the equity awards granted to our executive officers and the amount of compensation realizable (and, ultimately, realized) from such awards in subsequent years, which will vary depending on the performance of our Class A common stock.
Governance of Executive Compensation Program
Role of the Compensation Committee
The compensation committee is responsible for overseeing our compensation and benefits policies generally, evaluating and approving the compensation plans, policies, and programs applicable to our executive officers, including our named executive officers, and evaluating the performance of our CEO.
The compensation committee reviews the base salary levels, annual cash bonus opportunities, and long-term incentive compensation opportunities of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, each year, or more frequently as warranted. For 2016,2018, this review took place from October 2017 through December 2015September 2018 with respect to our executive officers, including our CEO.
The compensation committee does not establish a specific level for the target total direct compensation opportunity of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, but rather determines specific levels for our three principal compensation elements: (i) base salary, (ii) a target annual cash bonus opportunity, and (iii) a target long-term incentive compensation opportunity in the form of equity awards. When selecting and setting the amount of each compensation element, the compensation committee considers the following factors:
Absolute Financial Performance — our performance against the financial and operational objectives established by the compensation committee and our board of directors;
Competitive Market Positioning — the compensation practices of our compensation peer group and the position of each executive officer’s compensation relative to peer company compensation levels;
Individual Skills and Experience (New Hires) — for newly-hired executive officers, an individual’s experience, skill set, expertise, or unique competitive market factors;


Individual Skill and Experience (Incumbent Executives) — for incumbent executive officers, an individual’s executive officer’s skills, general experience, experience in position, criticality of his or her position or role, qualifications relative to other similarly-situated executives at the companies in our compensation peer group, and retention objectives;
Comparative Scope of Role — the scope of each executive officer’s role compared to other similarly-situated executives at the companies in our compensation peer group;
Past Performance — the performance of each individual executive officer, based on a subjective assessment of his or her contributions to our overall performance, ability to lead his or her business unit or function, and work as part of a team, all of which reflect our core values; and
Internal Parity — compensation parity among our executive officers.
These factors provide the framework for compensation decision-making and final decisions regarding the compensation opportunity for each executive officer. No single factor is determinative in setting pay levels, nor was the impact of any factor on the determination of pay levels quantifiable.
Role of Management
The compensation committee works with members of our management, including our CEO, to perform its responsibilities. Management assists the compensation committee by providing information on company and individual performance, market data, and management’s perspective and recommendations on compensation matters. The compensation committee solicits and reviews our CEO’s recommendations and proposals with respect to adjustments to base salaries, adjustments to annual cash bonus opportunities, long-term incentive compensation opportunities, program structures, and other compensation-related matters for our executive officers (other than for our CEO). The compensation committee uses such recommendations as one factor in determining and approving the compensation for our executive officers (other than our CEO). Our CEO recuses himself from all discussions and recommendations regarding his own compensation.
Role of Compensation Consultant


The compensation committee engages an external compensation consultant to assist it by providing information, analysis, and other advice relating to our executive compensation programCompensation Program and the decisions resulting from its annual executive compensation review.
In 2016,2018, the compensation committee retained Compensia, a national compensation consulting firm, to serve as its compensation advisor. Compensia serves at the discretion of the compensation committee, which reviews the engagement annually. The compensation committee also intends to regularly reviewreviews the independence of Compensia. In 2016,2018, the compensation committee considered the six specific independence factors adopted by the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange and determined that Compensia is independent and that its work did not raise any conflicts of interest.
During 2016,2018, Compensia regularly attended the meetings of the compensation committee (both with and without management present) and provided the following services:
assisted with the development of a compensation peer group;
provided competitive market data based on the compensation peer group for our executive officer positions and evaluated how the compensation we pay our executive officers compares to how the companies in our compensation peer group compensate their executives;
reviewed and analyzed the base salary levels, annual cash bonus opportunities, and long-term incentive compensation opportunities of our executive officers;


assessed executive compensation trends within our industry, and updated the compensation committee on corporate governance and regulatory issues and developments;
reviewed market equity compensation practices, including gross burn rate;
provided competitive market data based on the compensation peer group for the non-employee members of our board of directors and evaluated the compensation we pay our non-employee directors; and
reviewed and evaluated the risk inherent in our executive and other compensation programsCompensation Programs and practices, and concluded that our compensation programsCompensation Programs and practices did not create risks that would have a material adverse impact on the company.us.
In 2016,2018, Compensia provided no other services to us other than the services provided to the compensation committee.
Competitive Positioning
For purposes of comparing our executive compensation against the competitive market, the compensation committee reviews and considers the compensation levels and practices of a group of comparable technology companies. For 2016,
In October 2017, the compensation committee with the assistance ofengaged Compensia developed and used the followingto assess our compensation peer group for purposes of understanding the competitive market:
Activision BlizzardHarman InternationalPalo Alto Networks
Electronic ArtsIAC/InterActivePandora Media
F5 NetworksIntuitSynopsys
GarminLinkedInTrip Advisor
GoProLogitech InternationalTwitter
GrouponMotorola SolutionsWorkday
The companies in this compensationmarket. In developing the peer group, wereCompensia selected companies on the basis of their similarity to us in size, as determined usingby the following criteria:
similar revenue size — ~0.3x~0.5x to ~3.0x~2.0x of our projected 20162018 fiscal year revenue;
market capitalization — ~0.3xup to ~3.0x~4.0x of our market capitalization; and
similar industry classification — softwarebroad technology.
Based on these parameters, we removed IAC/InterActive Corp and service, technology hardware and equipment, and healthcare technology; andFossil Group from our peer group. We did not add any companies to our peer group. Our compensation peer group for 2018 was:
similar business profile — consumer products or services, hardware products, or software or internet products or services, gross margins of approximately 40% to approximately 60%, adjusted EBITDA margin greater than 12%, revenue growth greater than 20%, and, generally, a recently completed initial public offering (2010 or later).

Dolby LaboratoriesLogitech InternationalSynaptics
Endurance InternationalNETGEARTiVo
Garmin LtdPandora MediaVeriFone Systems
GoProPlantronicsZebra Technologies
GrouponShutterfly
iRobotSuper Micro Computer
This compensation peer group was used by the compensation committee during 2016 as a reference for understanding the competitive market forwhen making 2018 executive positions in our industry sector.compensation decisions.
To analyze the compensation practices of the companies in our compensation peer group, Compensia gathered data from public filings (primarily proxy statements) and also used information drawn from the Radford High-Technology Executive Survey database.Global Technology Survey. This market data iswas then used as a reference point for the compensation committee to assess our current compensation levels in the course of its deliberations on compensation forms and amounts.
While the compensation committee does not usetarget compensation at specific targetmarket percentiles or benchmarks to justify compensation decisions,companies in the peer group, it does considerreview competitive market data as a reference point in the course of its deliberations. The compensation committee believes that such information is useful in at


least two respects. First, the compensation committee recognizes that our compensation levels must be competitive to attract, motivate, and retain superior executive talent. Second, the compensation committee believes that developing a general understanding of the compensation provided to the executives at the companies in our peer companiesgroup is useful in assessing the reasonableness and appropriateness of individual executive compensation elements.
Accordingly, the compensation committee considers an analysis of the compensation practices of the companies in the compensation peer group, as well as evolving market practices, to ensure that it remains informed of current practices when making compensation decisions. This information is one of several factors, including the factors that are described above, that the compensation committee considers in making its decisions with respect to the compensation of our executive officers.
The compensation committee intends to reviewreviews our compensation peer group at least annually and makes adjustments to its composition as necessary or appropriate, taking into account changes in both our business and the businesses of the companies in the peer group.
Compensation Elements    
During 2016,2018, the principal elements of our compensation programCompensation Program for our executive officers, including our named executive officers, consisted of base salary, an annual cash bonus opportunity, and long-term incentive compensation in the form of a mix of options to purchaseRSU awards that may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock and RSUand/or PSU awards that may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock.
Base Salary
Base salary represents the fixed portion of the compensation of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, and is an important element of compensation intended to attract and retain highly-talented individuals.
Generally, we establish the initial base salaries of our executive officers through arm’s-length negotiation at the time we hire the individual executive officer, taking into account his or her position, qualifications, experience, prior salary level, and the base salaries of our other executive officers. Thereafter, the compensation committee reviews the base salaries of our executive officers annually and makes adjustments to base salaries as it determines to be necessary or appropriate.
In December 2015,March 2018, the compensation committee reviewed the base salaries of our executive officers, including our CEO and other named executive officers, and our CEO, taking into consideration a competitive market analysis prepared by Compensia, our transition from a private to public company, including our historical private company practice of setting lower base salaries, relative to long-term incentive compensation opportunities, the recommendations of


our CEO (except with respect to his own base salary), and the other factors described above. Following this review, in early 2016,At that time, the compensation committee re-instated base salaries for our CEO and CTO, who had voluntarily reduced their base salary for 2017 to $1.
The 2018 total target cash compensation for our CEO and CTO remained flat from 2017.
In May 2018, the compensation committee again reviewed the base salary of Mr. Zerella, our Chief Financial Officer and decided to adjustincrease Mr. Zerella’s base salary as a retention mechanism, retroactive to January 2018. The amount of this adjustment was 12% of Mr. Zerella’s 2017 base salary.
In June 2018, Mr. Zerella resigned as our Chief Financial Officer and the board of directors appointed Mr. Kisling, who previously served as our Chief Accounting Officer, as our Chief Financial Officer. In connection with the appointment, the compensation committee approved a $400,000 base salariessalary for Mr. Kisling.
In June 2018, we also entered into a consulting agreement with Mr. Zerella, pursuant to which Mr. Zerella provided consulting services to us for three months following his resignation as our Chief Financial Officer. Pursuant to the terms of the consulting agreement, we paid Mr. Zerella $3,750 for his consulting services in 2019.
None of our executive officers, including certain of ourother named executive officers toreceived a level appropriatesalary increase for executive officers of a publicly traded company to reflect the competitive market.2018.
The amount of these adjustments, which in the case of our named executive officers ranged from29%to47% of the 2015 base salaries, were based on the compensation committee’s objective of ensuring that our executive officers’ base salaries were comparable to the base salary levels of executives with commensurate responsibilities at similarly-situated publicly-traded companies, thereby offsetting our prior practice of setting their target total cash compensation at lower levels while we were a private company, and consistent with the base salary levels of executives with commensurate responsibilities at high-growth companies of similar size and complexity in the competitive market. The base salaries of our named executive officers for 20152017 and 20162018 were as follows:


Named Executive Officer
2015 Base Salary
($)
2016 Base Salary
($)
Percentage Increase
(%)
2017 Base Salary
($)
2018 Base Salary
($)
Percentage Increase
James Park600,000775,000291800,000Not meaningful
Eric N. Friedman300,000440,000471455,000Not meaningful
William Zerella350,000475,00036489,000550,00012%
Ronald W. Kisling(1)
400,000*
Andy Missan295,000390,00032443,000No change
Edward M. Scal320,000435,00036
Jeff Devine385,000No change
* Not applicable.* Not applicable.

(1) Mr. Kisling was not a named executive officer prior to 2018 and was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer on June 15, 2018.
These adjusted base salary increasessalaries were effective January 1, 2016.2018, with the exception of Mr. Kisling’s base salary. Mr. Kisling’s base salary was increased in connection with his appointment as our Chief Financial Officer, effective June 15, 2018.
The base salaries ofpaid to our named executive officers during 20162018 are set forth below in “Executive Compensation—Summary Compensation Table.”
Annual Cash Bonuses
In March2016,May 2018, the compensation committee approved anthe corporate performance metrics, management-based objectives or MBOs, and the formula for 2018 bonus payments under our annual cash bonus plan, or the Bonus Plan, to motivate our executive officers, including our named executive officers, to achieve our corporate objectives for the year as reflected in our annual operating plan approved by our board of directors. Under the Bonus Plan, each executive officer’s 2018 annual cash bonus was to be based on the individual executive officer’s target annual cash bonus opportunity, andas well as our level of achievement of one or morethe corporate performance metrics or corporate performance factors.and MBOs, as discussed below. In March 2016,May 2018, the compensation committee also approved the corporate performance metrics and the formula for 20162018 bonus payments under the Bonus Plan. In September 2018, the compensation committee revisited the MBOs, in light of changes to our business strategy, as discussed below.


Target Annual Cash Bonus Opportunities
In December 2015,March 2018, the compensation committee assessed the target annual cash bonus opportunities for our executive officers, including each of our named executive officers, after taking into consideration a competitive market analysis prepared by Compensia, the recommendations of our CEO, (except with respect to his own target annual cash bonus opportunity), our transition from a private to public company, and the other factors described above. Target annual cash bonus opportunities were expressed as a percentage of each executive officer’s base salary.
Following this review, the compensation committee decided not to adjust the target annual cash bonus opportunities of our executive officers, including our named executive officers. The amount of these adjustments, which in the case of our named executive officers ranged(excluding our CEO, and CTO), from115% the 2017 target annual cash bonus opportunities.
In 2017, in light of our CEO’s and CTO’s voluntary election to 150% ofreduce their base salaries to $1 each for 2017, the 2015compensation committee decided to express their target annual bonus cash opportunities as a dollar amount, equal to the salary and bonus amount each would have otherwise been eligible for in 2017.
In March 2018, the compensation committee re-instated base salaries for our CEO and CTO and modified the 2018 target annual cash bonus opportunities were based on the compensation committee’s objective of ensuringfrom those in 2017 such that our executive officers’their 2018 target bonus opportunities were comparable to the annual bonus opportunities of executives with commensurate responsibilities at similarly-situated publicly-traded companies, thereby offsetting our prior practice of setting their target total cash compensation at lower levels while we were a private company, and consistent with the target bonus opportunities of executives with commensurate responsibilities at high-growth companies of similar size and complexity in the competitive market.remained flat from 2017.
In December 2015,May 2018, the compensation committee establishedagain reviewed the target annual cash bonus opportunity for2018 Target Annual Cash Bonus Opportunity of Mr. Zerella, our CEO, taking into considerationformer Chief Financial Officer and decided to increase Mr. Zerella’s 2018 Target Annual Cash Bonus Opportunity as a competitive market analysis prepared by Compensia, our transitionretention mechanism, retroactive to January 2018, from a private75% to public company, and the other factors described above.


100%.
The target annual cash bonus opportunities of our named executive officers for 20162018 were as follows:
Named Executive Officer2015 Target Annual Cash Bonus Opportunity (as a percentage of base salary)2016 Target Annual Cash Bonus Opportunity (as a percentage of base salary)2017 Target Annual Cash Bonus Opportunity ($)2017 Target Annual Cash Bonus Opportunity (as a percentage of base salary)2018 Target Annual Cash Bonus Opportunity (as a percentage of base salary)
James Park100%150%2,000,000150%
Eric N. Friedman60%75%796,00075%
William Zerella65%75%N/A75%100%
Ronald W. Kisling(1)
N/A75%
Andy Missan55%75%N/A75%
Edward M. Scal60%75%
Jeff DevineN/A75%

(1) Mr. Kisling was not a named executive officer prior to 2018 and was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer on June 15, 2018.
Under the Bonus Plan, actual cash bonus payments to our named executive officers were based on the achievement of corporate performance.performance against the corporate performance factors and management-based objectives set by the compensation committee, as well as individual performance factor for each officer.
Corporate Performance Metrics
In March 2016,May 2018, the compensation committee selected revenue, and “adjusted EBITDA” and certain management-based objectives, or MBOs (related to corporate performance, as described below), as the 20162018 corporate performance metrics for purposes of the Bonus Plan. The compensation committee believed that these performance metrics provided a balance betweenamong generating revenue, managing our expenses, and growing our business over the long-term, ultimately enhancing stockholder value.
We define “adjusted EBITDA” as net income (loss)loss adjusted to exclude the impact of the Fitbit Force recall, stock-based compensation expense, Jawbone litigation costs, depreciation and intangible assets amortization, litigation expense (credit) related to matters with Aliphcom, Inc. d/b/a Jawbone, impairment of equity investment, interest income (expense), net, and income tax benefit.expense (benefit).


We use adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our operating performance and trends and make planning decisions. We believe that adjusted EBITDA helps identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of the expenses and other items that we exclude in adjusted EBITDA. In addition, we use this metric to evaluateparticular, the exclusion of the effect of stock-based compensation expense and certain expenses in calculating adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our operating performance and trends and make planning decisions.business. Accordingly, we believe that adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results, enhancing the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects, and allowing for greater transparency with respect to a key financial metric used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making.
The MBOs selected by the compensation committee in May 2018 for 2018 were related to measurable goals around the development of certain premium services.
The target levels for thesethe corporate performance metrics were based on our 2016 annual operating plan, which was reviewed and approved by our board of directors. These target levels were set to reward strong management performance in light of our strategic objectives and the industry and economic conditions and trends at the time the targets were set. The mix of metrics was intended to balance a top line metric (revenue) with a profitability metric (adjusted EBITDA), along with growing our business over the long-term (MBOs). The compensation committee believed such a balance would drive the appropriate amount of focus on propelling growth through revenue without detracting from our ultimate performance as a whole.
In March 2016,May 2018, the compensation committee approved a matrix to determine the companycorporate performance factormetrics and resulting payment of annual cash bonuses. Each of the twothree corporate performance metrics, revenue, adjusted EBITDA, and MBOs were individually weighted, at 37.5%, 37.5% and 25%, respectively. For both revenue and adjusted EBITDA, were equally weighted.the target performance level was based on our 2018 annual operating plan, which was reviewed and approved by our board of directors. The target performance levels for each corporate performance metricsrevenue, adjusted EBITDA and the MBOs were set as follows:shown in the table below.
Corporate Performance Metric
Target Performance Level
($)
Revenue$2,650,000,000
Adjusted EBITDA$477,000,000
For each corporate performance metric, theThe compensation committee also established threshold and maximum performance levels, for revenue, adjusted EBITDA, and MBOs, with bonus pool funding at 90%75% and approximately 115%200% for revenue, at 50% and 200% for adjusted EBITDA, and at 75% and 200% for the MBOs.
In September 2018, in light of changes in our business objectives and strategy, the compensation committee reviewed the MBOs and revised related goals around the development of premium services. As a result of the targetmid-year changes, the compensation committee concluded it was appropriate to both lower the maximum bonus pool funding for the MBOs from 200% to 125% and to reduce the performance levels, respectively. If actual revenue and adjusted EBITDA each equaled target performance levels, thenmeasure weight of the corporate performance factor would be 100%,MBOs as shown in the table below.
Corporate Performance Metric
Original Performance Measure
Weight
Revised Performance
Measure
Weight
Target Performance Level
 ($) (in thousands) and (%)
Revenue37.5%45%1,500,000100%
Adjusted EBITDA37.5%45%(27,000)100%
MBOs25%10%Goals around developing premium services100%
In accordance with resulting paymentthe 2018 bonus matrix, our named executive officers could earn up to a maximum of annual cash bonuses equal to 100%192.5% as a percentage of thetheir target annual cash bonus opportunity. However, in accordance with the matrix, the corporate performance factor and resulting payment of annual cash bonuses could range from a low of 50% to a high of 200% as a percentage of target annual cash


bonus opportunity, respectively, depending on the specific performance levels for each corporate metric, provided each metric at least equaled threshold performance levels.metric.
Individual Performance
For 2016, there was no ability to modify2018, the cash bonus amount ofcompensation committee approved an individual performance factor for each executive officer, including our CEO, as their awards depended solely on the achievement of the financial targets approved by the compensation committee.at 100%.
20162018 Annual Cash Bonus Payments


In February 2017,early 2019, the compensation committee determined the amounts to be paid under the Bonus Plan for 20162018 based on our actual performance for the year with respect to each corporate performance metric. Based on its determination that our 2016 revenue was $2.17 billion, which was below the threshold performance level, and our adjusted EBITDA was $30.0 million,which also was below the threshold performance level, the compensation committee determined that the corporate performance factor was 0% and therefore no bonuses were awarded to any of our named executive officers, including our CEO, for 2016.metric, as follows:
Corporate Performance Metric
Revised Performance 
Measure 
Weight
Target Performance Level
($) (in thousands)
Actual 
Performance Level
($) (in thousands) and (%)
Revenue45%1,500,0001,511,983103.67%
Adjusted EBITDA45%(27,000)(31,361)91.3%
MBOs10%Goals around developing premium servicesNot achieved
Named Executive Officer
Target Annual Cash Bonus Opportunity
(as a percentage of base salary)
Corporate Performance Factor (blended based on achievement of revenue, adjusted EBITDA and MBOs) (1)
Individual Performance Factor
2018 Actual Annual Cash Bonus
($)
Actual Annual Cash Bonus
(as a percentage of base salary)
James Park150%88%100%1,056,000132%
Eric Friedman75%88%100%300,30066%
William Zerella (2)
Ronald W. Kisling75%88%100%208,495*
Andy Missan75%88%100%292,38066%
Jeff Devine75%88%100%254,10066%

(1)
Based on the determination that our 2018 revenue was $1.5 billion, representing an achievement percentage of 103.67%, our adjusted EBITDA was $(31.4) million, representing an achievement percentage of 91.3%, and our MBOs had not been achieved at a threshold level, respectively, the compensation committee determined that the blended corporate performance factor was approximately 88%.
(2)
Mr. Zerella was ineligible for a cash bonus as his employment ended with us on June 15, 2018.
*
Mr. Kisling was not a named executive officer prior to 2018 and was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer on June 15, 2018. Mr. Kisling’s 2018 Actual Annual Cash Bonus reflects the aggregate of his target annual cash bonus opportunity and base salary both as Chief Financial Officer and as our Chief Accounting Officer prior to becoming Chief Financial Officer

Long-Term Incentive Compensation
The compensation committee believes long-term incentive compensation is an effective means of focusing our executive officers, including our named executive officers, on driving increased stockholder value over a multi-year period, as well as an effective means of retaining our executive officers andby providing a meaningful reward to them forthrough appreciation in our stock price and long-term value creation.
We useHistorically, equity awards in the form of optionsgranted to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and RSU awards that may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock to deliver the annual long-term incentive compensation opportunities to our executive officers, including our named executive officers have been limited to time-based stock options and RSUs. In 2018, the compensation committee introduced PSUs for our CEO and CTO to address special situations as they may arise from time-to-time. further incentivize our executives to drive long-term growth and promote alignment of our stockholders’ interests with the financial interests of our executives.
The compensation committee believes that stock options, when granted with exercise prices equal to the fair market value of our Class A common stock on the date of grant,PSUs provide an appropriate long-term incentive for our executive officers, as stock optionsPSUs reward our executive officers only to the extent that the market price of our Class A common stock increases post grant date.those performance measures are met. The compensation committee also believes that RSU awards helpallow us to retainreward our executive officers and reward them with long-term stock price appreciation while at the same time providingsimultaneously helping us retain our executive officers, as RSUs provide some value to the recipient even if the market price of our Class A common stock declines.
As with theall other compensation elements, the compensation committee determines the amount of long-term incentive compensation for our executive officers as part of its annual compensation review. In making long-term incentive compensation decisions, while


the compensation committee seeks to provide market-competitive equity award opportunities, it retains the flexibility to respond to and adjust award types and amounts for the evolving business environment. Thus, when exercising its discretion in determining the form and size of actual equity awards, the compensation committee takes into consideration a range of factors, including (butbut not limited to):to:
the outstanding equity holdings of each executive officer (including the current and future value (i.e., vesting) retention “hold” of such amounts);
our available share reserve;
our equity “burn rate,” on both an absolute basis and in relation to the companies in our compensation peer group;
compensation parity among our executive officers;
the compensation practices of our compensation peer groups and the position of each executive officer’s compensation relative to peer company compensation levels;
for newly-hired executive officers, an individual’s experience, skill set, expertise, or unique competitive market factors;
for incumbent executive officers, an individual’s executive officer’s skills, general experience, experience in position, criticality of his or her position or role, qualifications relative to other similarly-situated executives at the companies in our compensation peer groups, and retention objectives;
the scope of each executive officer’s role compared to other similarly-situated executives at the companies in our compensation peer groups;
the performance of each individual executive officer, based on a subjective assessment of his or her contributions to our overall performance, ability to lead his or her business unit or function, and work as part of a team, all of which reflect our core values; and
the other factors described in “—Governancerecommendation of Executive Compensation Program—Role of the Compensation Committee” above.our CEO (except with respect to his own long-term incentive compensation award).
In February 2016,2018, the compensation committee approved, and on March 15, 2016, the compensation committee granted options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and RSU awards that may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock to our executive officers, including our named executive officers. The compensation committee determined the amount of these equity awards after taking into consideration a competitive market analysis prepared by Compensia, the recommendation of our CEO (except


with respect to his own long-term incentive compensation award), and the other factors described above. The mix between the stock options and the RSU awards was set to deliver equal value through both of the equity components as
In March 2018, the compensation committee believes this balancesapproved long-term incentive compensation to our General Counsel and Executive Vice President of Operations in the form of RSU awards and to our CEO and CTO in the form of a focusmix of RSU awards and PSU awards. These awards were subsequently granted in May 2018. The PSUs granted to our CEO and CTO were with respect to 558,021 and 262,651 shares of our Class A common stock, respectively, and are subject to (i) service-based vesting over three years with 1/12th of the total shares subject to the PSUs vesting on long-termeach quarterly anniversary of the date of grant, and (ii) on each such vesting date, the achievement of a performance-based vesting requirement based on a stock appreciationprice hurdle equal to or greater than $8.00 or $10.00, as determined under set guidelines no later than the final service-based vesting date. Any portion of the PSUs that do not meet the relevant stock price on an applicable vesting date will again be eligible to vest on the next scheduled vesting date, subject to the continuing employment of our CEO or CTO on each vesting date. These PSU awards were subsequently granted in May 2018.
In June 2018, the compensation committee approved and retention.granted long term incentive compensation to Mr. Kisling in the form of RSUs in connection with his appointment as our Chief Financial Officer. The compensation committee also approved a fully vested award of 15,833 shares to Mr. Zerella, our former Chief Financial Officer, in connection with his consulting agreement.
The equity awards granted in 20162018 to our named executive officers were as follows:


Named Executive Officer
Option to Purchase Shares of Class A Common Stock
(#)
RSU Awards to be Settled for Shares of Class A Common Stock (#)
Aggregate Grant Date Fair Value of Equity Awards
($)
RSU Awards to be Settled for Shares of Class A Common Stock
(#)(1)
PSU Awards to be Settled for Shares of Class A Common Stock
(#)(2)
Aggregate Grant Date Fair Value of Equity Awards
($)
James Park282,400122,6003,358,220104,900558,0211,557,064
Eric N. Friedman151,70065,8001,803,15949,400262,651732,998
William Zerella88,90038,6001,057,247
15,833(3)
114,156
Ronald W. Kisling
43,000(4)
226,180
15,000(5)
74,250
108,000(6)
778,680
Andy Missan41,80018,200497,81490,000445,500
Edward M. Scal69,70030,300829,420
Jeff Devine100,000495,000

(1)
With respect to the RSU awards granted on May 4, 2018, which may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock, 1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the awards vested and settled on June 15, 2018 and quarterly thereafter, subject to continued employment as of each vesting date.
(2) On May 4, 2018, we issued market-based awards that vest based upon the achievement of a specified stock price. Market conditions were factored into the grant date fair value using a Monte Carlo valuation model, which utilized multiple input variables to determine the probability of us achieving the specified stock price targets.
With respect to(3) On June 16, 2018, we entered into a consulting agreement with Mr. Zerella, and the options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock, one-quartercompensation committee of the total numberboard of shares subjectdirectors approved a grant of 15,833 RSUs to the optionsMr. Zerella. This award was fully vested on the date of grant.
(4) On March 15, 2017 and an additional 1/16th of the total number of shares subject to the options vest quarterly thereafter, subject to continued employment as of each vesting date. With respect to the RSU awards that7, 2018, we granted 43,000 RSUs, which may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock, one-quarter1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the awards vested and settled on June 15, 2018 and quarterly thereafter, subject to continued employment as of each vesting date.
(5) On March 15, 2017 and an additional26, 2018, we granted 15,000 RSUs, which may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock, 1/16th12th of the total number of shares subject to the awards vestvested and settlesettled on July 15, 2018 and quarterly thereafter, subject to continued employment as of each vesting date.
(6) On June 15, 2018, in connection with Mr. Kisling’s appointment as our Chief Financial Officer of the company, we granted an award of 108,000 RSUs, which may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock, 1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the awards vested on September 15, 2018, and the remainder will vest on each quarterly anniversary thereafter in equal installments, subject to continued employment as of each vesting date.
The equity awards granted to our named executive officers in 20162018 are set forth below in “—Summary Compensation Table” and “—Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table.”
In January 2019, our compensation committee granted long-term incentive compensation to our Chief Financial Officer, General Counsel and Executive Vice President of Operations in the form of RSU awards and to our CEO and CTO in the form of a mix of RSU awards and PSU awards. The RSUs granted to our (i) CEO, (ii) CTO, (iii) Chief Financial Officer, (iv) General Counsel and (v) Executive Vice President of Operations were with respect to (i) 104,800, (ii) 49,500, (iii) 227,200, (iv) 115,200 and (v) 125,000 shares of our Class A common stock, respectively and are subject to service-based vesting over three years with 1/12th of the total shares subject to the RSUs vesting on each quarterly anniversary of the date of grant. The PSUs granted to our CEO and CTO were with respect to 369,889 and 174,857 shares of our Class A common stock, respectively, and are subject to (i) service-based vesting over three years with 1/12th of the total shares subject to the PSUs vesting on each quarterly anniversary of the date of grant, and (ii) on each such vesting date, the achievement of a performance-based vesting requirement based on a stock price hurdle equal to or greater than $8.00 or $10.00, as determined under set guidelines no later than the final service-based vesting date. Any portion of the PSUs that do not meet the relevant stock price on an applicable vesting date will again be eligible to vest on the next scheduled vesting date, subject to the continuing employment of our CEO or CTO on each vesting date.
Health and Welfare Benefits


We have established a tax-qualified Section 401(k) retirement plan for all employees who satisfy certain eligibility requirements, including requirements relating to age. Currently,As of 2019, we do not match contributions made to the plan by our employees, including our executive officers. We intend for the plan to qualify under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, so that contributions by employees to the plan, and income earned on plan contributions, are not taxable to employees until withdrawn from the plan.
In addition, we provide other benefits to our executive officers, including our named executive officers, on the same basis as all of our full-time employees. These benefits include medical, dental and vision benefits, medical and dependent care flexible spending accounts, short-term and long-term disability insurance, accidental death and dismemberment insurance, and basic life insurance coverage.
We design our employee benefits programs to be competitive in relation to the market and affordable to us, as well as compliant with applicable laws and practices. We adjust our employee benefits programs as needed based upon regular monitoring of applicable laws and practices and the competitive market.
Perquisites and Other Personal Benefits
Currently, we do not view perquisites or other personal benefits asdo not make up a significant component of our executive compensation program.Compensation Program. Accordingly, with one limited exception in 2016,2018 described below, we did not provide perquisites or other personal benefits to our executive officers, including our named executive officers.


In 2016,2018, we reimbursed Mr. Zerella $17,273$14,043 for hotel lodging in San Francisco.Francisco, parking expenses and cell phone expense reimbursements. In the future, we may provide perquisites or other personal benefits in limited circumstances, such as in situations where we believe it is appropriate to assist an individual in the performance of his or her duties, to make our executive officers more efficient and effective, and for recruitment and retention purposes.
All future practices with respect to perquisites or other personal benefits will be approved and subject to periodic review by the compensation committee.
Employment Arrangements
Currently, we only have employment agreements or offer letters with the following named executive officers: Messrs. ZerellaDevine, Missan and Missan. Mr. Scal departed from the company on March 31, 2017.Kisling. Each of our executive officers is employed on an “at-will” basis, with no fixed term of employment. For additional information on the terms and conditions of the employment arrangements of our named executive officers, see “Offer Letters and Agreements.”
Post-Employment Compensation
We have entered into retention agreements with each of our executive officers, including each of our named executive officers. These agreements provide for payments and benefits upon certain terminations of employment, including a termination of employment following a change in control. For information on these retention agreements, as well as an estimate of the potential payments and benefits payable under these arrangements as of December 31, 2016,2018, see “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.”
We believe that having in place reasonable and competitive post-employment compensation arrangements are essential to attracting and retaining highly-qualified executive officers. Our post-employment compensation arrangements are designed to provide reasonable compensation to our executive officers, including our named executive officers, who leave us under certain circumstances to facilitate their transition to new employment.
In determining payment and benefit levels under the various circumstances specified in the retention agreements, the compensation committee has drawn a distinction between a termination of employment for cause, a termination of employment other than for cause, and a termination of employment by an executive officer for good reason (including a termination of employment by the executive


officer for good reason in connection with a change in control). Payment in the latter circumstances has been deemed appropriate in light of the benefits to us described below, as well as the likelihood that the executive officer’s departure is due, at least in part, to circumstances not within his or her control. In contrast, we believe that payments are not appropriate in the event of a termination of employment for cause or a voluntary resignation without good reason because such events often reflect either inadequate performance or an affirmative decision by the executive officer to end his relationship with us.
The retention agreements contain certain specified post-employment compensation arrangements in the event of an involuntary termination of employment in connection with a change in control of us. We believe that these arrangements are designed to align the interests of management and stockholders when considering our long-term future. The primary purpose of these arrangements is to keep our executive officers focused on pursuing all corporate transaction activity that is in the best interests of stockholders regardless of whether those transactions may result in their own job loss. Reasonable post-acquisition payments and benefits should serve the interests of both the executive officers and our investors.stockholders.
The compensation committee does not consider specific amounts payable under these post-employment compensation arrangements when establishing annual compensation. It does believe, however, that these arrangements are necessary to offer compensation packages that are competitive.
Other Compensation Policies and Practices
Results of Most Recent Non-Binding Advisory Vote on Named Executive Officer Compensation


At our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders, we conducted a non-binding advisory vote on the compensation paid by us to our-then-named executive officers (commonly known as a “say-on-pay” vote) in 2015. Our stockholders approved the 2015 compensation paid by us to our-then-named executive officers, with approximately 99.8% of the votes cast voted in favor of the proposal. The compensation committee took the results of this say-on-pay vote into consideration when making compensation decisions following the 2016 annual meeting of stockholders.
We value the opinions of our stockholders and will continue to consider the outcome of future say-on-pay votes, as well as feedback received throughout the year, when making compensation decisions for our executive officers, including our named executive officers.
Based on the results of a separate non-binding advisory vote on the frequency of future stockholder advisory votes regarding the compensation of our named executive officers conducted at our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders (commonly known as a “say-on-frequency” vote), our board of directors determined that we will hold our say-on-pay votes on a triennial basis. Accordingly, the next say-on-pay vote will take place at our 2019 annual meeting of stockholders.this Annual Meeting.
Compensation Recovery Policy
Currently,In July 2018, we have not implemented a policy regarding retroactive adjustments to any cash or equity-based incentive compensation paid to our executive officers and other employees where the payments were predicated upon the achievement of financial results that were subsequently the subject of a financial restatement. We intendUnder our policy, our compensation committee may require such officer to adopt a generalreimburse or forfeit to us incentive‑based cash or equity compensation recovery,(including gain from exercise of stock options, the settlement of RSUs or clawback, policy coveringissuance of restricted stock), or incentive-based compensation, paid or payable to such officer, in the event that we are required to prepare an accounting restatement due to our annual and long-term incentive award plans and arrangements oncematerial noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under the SEC adopts final rules implementing the requirement of Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.federal securities laws.
Policy Prohibiting Pledging or Hedging of Our Equity Securities
In accordance with the terms of our Insider Trading Policy, we prohibit our executive officers and employees and the members of our board of directors from pledging or hedging our securities.


Tax and Accounting Considerations
Deductibility of Executive Compensation
Generally, Section 162(m) of the Code disallows public companies a tax deduction for federal income tax purposes of remuneration in excess of $1 million paid to their chief executive officer and each of the three other most highly-compensated executive officers (other than the chief executive officer and chief financial officer) whose compensation is required to be disclosed to our stockholders under the Exchange Act in any taxable year. Remuneration in excess of $1 million may only be deducted if it is “qualified performance-based compensation” within the meaning of Section 162(m) or qualifies for one of the other exemptions from the deductibility limit. In making compensation decisions, the compensation committee considers the potential effects of Section 162(m) on the compensation paid to the named executive officers.
The compensation committee has not in past years taken the deductibility limit imposed by Section 162(m) into consideration in setting compensation for our executive officers. In approving the amount and form of compensation for our executive officers in the future, however, the compensation committee will consider all elements of the cost to us of providing such compensation, including the potential impact of Section 162(m). However, we
Recent changes to Section 162(m) in connection with the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act repealed exceptions to the deductibility limit that were previously available for “qualified performance-based compensation,” including stock option grants, effective for taxable years after December 31, 2017. As a result, any compensation paid to certain of our executive officers in excess of $1 million will be non-deductible unless it qualifies for transition relief afforded to compensation payable pursuant to certain binding arrangements in effect on November 2, 2017. We believe that we will be entitled to deductions for non-qualified stock options exercised in 20162017 and certain incentive stock options exercised in 2016.
From time2017, as well as RSUs granted prior to time,April 1, 2015, pursuant to this transition rule. In addition, we believe that compensation expense incurred in respect of the executive bonus plan for fiscal year 2017 will be deductible pursuant to this transition rule under Section 162(m) because the bonuses are paid based on the achievement of pre-determined performance goals established by our compensation committee may, in its judgment, approve compensation forpursuant to our namedstockholder-approved equity incentive plan (under which our executive officers that does not comply with an exemption from the deductibility limit when it believes that such compensation isbonus plan was adopted) and will continue to be deductible. However, because of uncertainties in the best interestsinterpretation and implementation of the Company and our stockholders. changes to Section 162(m), including the scope of the transition relief, we can offer no assurance of such deductibility.
The compensation committee will continue to monitor the issue of deductibility of executive compensation and make adjustments to our executive compensation programCompensation Program to maximize the deductibility of our executive


compensation to the extent that it believes such result is consistent with the objectives of individual compensation elements and the best interests of the Companyus and our stockholders.
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
We follow the Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, or FASB ASC Topic 718, for our stock-based compensation awards. FASB ASC Topic 718 requires us to measure the compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to our employees and members of our board of directors, including options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and other stock awards, based on the grant date “fair value” of these awards. This calculation is performed for accounting purposes and reported in the executive compensation tables required by the federal securities laws, even though the recipient of the awards may never realize any value from their awards.
Summary Compensation Table
The following table provides information concerning compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to each of our named executive officers for 2014, 2015,2016, 2017, and 2016.2018.


Name and Principal PositionYear
Salary
($)
(1)
Bonus
($)
(2)
Stock
Awards
($)
(3)
Option
Awards
($)
(4)
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation($)(5)
All Other
Compensation
($)
Total
($)
Year
Salary
($)
(1)
Bonus
($)
(2)
Stock
Awards
($)
(3)
PSU Awards ($)(3)
Stock
Option
Awards
($)
(3)
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation($)(4)
All Other
Compensation
($)
Total
($)
James Park,2016838,4341,707,8181,650,4024,196,6542018800,840519,2551,037,8091,056,0003,413,904
President and Chief Executive Officer2015525,8401,380,0001,905,840201711,126,000998,3001,500,0003,624,301
2014222,17980,0007,532,9097,835,0882016838,4341,707,8181,650,4024,196,654
Eric N. Friedman,2016476,377916,594886,5652,279,5362018455,840244,530488,468300,3001,489,138
Chief Technology Officer2015288,340414,000702,34020171798,640597,0001,395,641
2014222,17980,0007,532,9097,835,0882016476,377916,594886,5652,279,536
William Zerella,2016478,884537,698519,549
17,273(6)
1,553,4042018252,468
159,434(5)
14,043(6)
425,945
Former Chief Financial Officer2017489,840563,000499,150341,078
20,443(6)
1,893,068
2016478,884537,698519,549
17,273(6)
1,536,131
Ronald W. Kisling,(7)
2018364,8671,079,110208,4951,652,472
Chief Financial Officer2015340,423523,250
14,169(6)
877,842 
Andy Missan,2018443,840445,500292,3801,181,720
Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary2017448,939
2,509,772(8)
308,9933,267,704
2014(7)
169,42340,8334,774,2114,984,4672016412,027253,526244,288
5,000(9)
914,841
Andy Missan,(8)
2016412,027253,526244,288
5,000(10)
914,841
Executive Vice President and General Counsel2015280,2151,113,315373,1751,766,705
Edward M. Scal,(8)(9)
2016470,973422,079407,3411,300,393
Former Chief Business Officer2015316,919441,600758,519
Jeff Devine,(10)
2018385,840495,000254,1001,134,940
Executive Vice President of Operations2017328,937908,950230,2801,468,167

(1) 
In 2016, salary amounts included a one-time payment relating to accrued paid time off.
(2) 
The amounts in this column represent bonuses awarded at the discretion of our board of directors.
(3) 
The amounts reported in this column represent the aggregate grant date value of RSU awardseach award made to our named executive officers computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. The assumptions used in calculating the grant date fair value of the stock options, RSUs, or PSUs reported in this column are set forth in noteNote 8 of the notes“Notes to our consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements” included in our annual reportAnnual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162018 filed on March 1, 2017.2019. These amounts do not reflect the actual economic values realized by our named executive officers, which will vary depending on the performance of our Class A common stock.
(4) 
The amounts reported in this column represent the aggregate grant date value of stock options granted to our named executive officers computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. The assumptions used in calculating the grant date fair value of the stock options reported in this column are set forth in note 8 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed on March 1, 2017. These amounts do not reflect the actual economic values realized by our named executive officers, which will vary depending on the performance of our Class A common stock.


(5)
See “—Grants of Plan-Based Award Table” under the column “Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards” for the amounts our named executive officers were eligible to earn in 2016.2018. See also “—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Compensation Elements—Annual Cash Bonuses” for a discussion regarding our non-equity incentive plan compensation in 2016.2018.
(5)
The amount reported represents $114,156 grant date fair value of 15,833 RSUs and $45,278 in stock-based compensation expense incurred in connection with modifying Mr. Zerella’s stock options to extend the post-termination exercise period.
(6) 
The amount reported represents the costs of reimbursement to Mr. Zerella for hotel lodging in San Francisco.Francisco, parking expenses and cell phone expense reimbursements.
(7) 
Mr. Zerella joined us in April 2014.Kisling was not a named executive officer prior to 2018 and was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer on June 15, 2018.
(8) 
Messrs.Includes $1,122,272 of grant date value of RSUs granted as a result of the cancellation of certain stock options exchanged by Mr. Missan and Scal were not named executive officers for 2014.in connection with his participation in our 2017 option exchange program, approved by our stockholders in 2017. The $1,122,272 amount is comprised of an incremental stock-based compensation adjustment of $388,976 along with unrecognized stock-based compensation of $733,296 from the exchanged stock options.
(9)
Mr. Scal departed from the company on March 31, 2017.
(10) 
The amount reported reflects an employee referral bonus paid out under our employee referral program.
(10) Mr. Devine joined us in February 2017 and was not a named executive officer prior to 2017.


Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table
The following table provides information concerning each grant of an award made in 20162018 for each of our named executive officers under any plan. This information supplements the information about these awards set forth in the Summary Compensation Table.
Name 
Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards(1)
All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares or Stock or Units (#)
All Other Option Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Options
(#)
Exercise or Base Price of Option Awards
($/Sh)
Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards ($)(2)
 
Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards(1)
All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares or Stock or Units (#)
All Other Stock Option Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Options
(#)
Exercise or Base Price of Option Awards
($/Share)
Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards ($)(2)
Type of AwardGrant DateThreshold ($)Target ($)Maximum ($)Type of AwardGrant DateThreshold ($)Target ($)Maximum ($)
James ParkCash$581,250$1,162,500$2,325,000Cash 765,0001,200,0002,310,000
Stock Option(3)
3/15/2016282,40013.931,650,402
RSU(3)
5/4/2018104,900519,255
RSU(4)
3/15/2016122,6001,707,818
PSU(4)
5/4/2018558,0211,037,809
Eric N. FriedmanCash123,750330,000495,000Cash
217,547341,250656,906
Stock Option(3)
3/15/2016151,70013.93886,565
RSU(3)
5/4/201849,400244,530
RSU(4)
3/15/201665,800916,594
PSU(4)
5/4/2018 262,651488,468
William ZerellaCash133,594356,250534,375
RSU(5)
6/16/201815,833114,156
Ronald W. KislingCash
104,795164,384316,438 
RSU(6)
3/7/201843,000226,180
Stock Option(3)
3/15/201688,90013.93519,549
RSU(7)
3/26/201815,00074,250
RSU(4)
3/15/201638,600537,698
RSU(8)
6/15/2018108,000778,680
Andy MissanCash109,688292,500438,750Cash
211,809332,250639,581 
Stock Option(3)
3/15/201641,80013.93244,288
RSU(3)
5/4/201890,000445,500
Jeff DevineCash
184,078288,750555,844
RSU(4)
3/15/201618,200253,526
RSU(3)
5/4/2018100,000495,000
Edward M. ScalCash122,344326,250489,375
Stock Option(3)
3/15/201669,70013.93407,341
RSU(4)
3/15/201630,300422,079

(1) 
Reflects threshold, target, and maximum target bonus amounts for 20162018 performance under the Bonus Plan, as described in “—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Compensation Elements—Annual Cash Bonuses.” These amounts do not necessarily correspond to the actual amounts that were received by our named executive officers. Mr. Kisling’s threshold, target and maximum target bonus amounts for 2018 reflect his cash bonus opportunity following his appointment as our Chief Financial Officer on June 15, 2018.

(2) 
The amounts reported in this column represent the aggregate grant date value of each award computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. The assumptions used in calculating the grant date fair value of the stock options or RSU awards reported in this column are set forth in noteNote 8 of the notes“Notes to our consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements” included in our annual reportAnnual Report on Form 10-10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed on March 1, 2019. These amounts do not reflect the actual economic value realized by our named executive officers, which will vary depending on the performance of our Class A common stock.


K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed on March 1, 2017. These amounts do not reflect the actual economic value realized by our named executive officers, which will vary depending on the performance of our Class A common stock.
(3) 
These stock optionsRSUs vest over a four-yearthree-year period such that one-quarter of the total number of shares subject to the option vested on March 15, 2017 and an additional 1/16th of the total number of shares subject to the stock option vests quarterly thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date. In addition, such stock options are subject to acceleration benefits upon certain qualifying terminations of employment as further described below in “—Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.”12th
(4)
These RSUs vest over a four-year period such that one-quarter of the total number of shares subject to the award vested on MarchJune 15, 20172018 and an additional 1/16th12th of the total number of shares subject to the awardRSU vests quarterly thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date. In addition, such RSU awards are subject to acceleration benefits upon certain qualifying terminations of employment as further described below in “—Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.”
(4)
On May 4, 2018, we issued market-based PSUs that vest based upon the achievement of a specified stock price of $8.00 or $10.00, on or prior to the last service-based vesting date. Market conditions were factored into the grant date fair value using a Monte Carlo valuation model, which utilized multiple input variables to determine the probability of us achieving the specified stock price targets. In addition, these PSU awards are subject to acceleration benefits upon qualifying terminations of employment as further described below in “-Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control”.



(5) On June 16, 2018, the company entered into a consulting agreement with Mr. Zerella, and the compensation committee of the board of directors of the company approved a grant of 15,833 RSUs to Mr. Zerella. This award was fully vested on the date of grant.

(6)
These RSUs vest over a three-year period such that 1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the award vest quarterly beginning on June 15, 2018 and an additional 1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the RSU vests quarterly thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date. In addition, such RSU awards are subject to acceleration benefits upon certain qualifying terminations of employment as further described below in “—Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.”
(7)
These RSUs, granted as a result of the stock option exchange program, vest over a period of ten quarters such that 1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the award vest quarterly beginning on July 15, 2018, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date. In addition, such RSU awards are subject to acceleration benefits upon certain qualifying terminations of employment as further described below in “—Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.”
(8)
These RSUs vest over a three-year period such that 1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the award vests on September 15, 2018 and an additional 1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the RSU vests quarterly thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date. In addition, such RSU awards are subject to acceleration benefits upon certain qualifying terminations of employment as further described below in “—Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.”

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table
The following table provides information concerning the outstanding and unexercised stock options and outstanding RSU awards that have not vested for each named executive officer as of December 31, 2016.2018.



Option Awards(1)
Stock Awards(1)
Option Awards(1)
 
Stock Awards(1)
NameGrant DateNumber of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) ExercisableNumber of Securities Underlying Options (#) Unexercisable
Option Exercise Price ($)(2)
Option Expiration DateNumber of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#)
Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested
($)(3)
Grant DateNumber of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) ExercisableNumber of Securities Underlying Options (#) Unexercisable
Option Exercise Price ($)(2)
Option Expiration Date Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#)
Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested
($)(3)
James Park
9/27/2011(4)
2,055,1800.069/26/2021
9/27/2011(4)
2,055,1800.069/26/2021 
8/7/2014(5)
1,351,2701,891,7783.638/6/2024
8/7/2014(5)
2,972,794270,2543.638/6/2024 
3/15/2016(6)
282,40013.933/14/2026
3/15/2016(6)
194,15088,25013.933/14/2026 
3/15/2016(7)
122,600897,432
3/15/2016(7)
 38,312190,411
8/4/2017(8)
291,667208,3335.638/3/2027  
8/4/2017(9)
 83,333414,165
5/4/2018(10)
 225,5681,121,073
5/4/2018(11)
 332,4531,652,291
5/4/2018(12)
 78,675391,015
Eric N. Friedman
9/27/2011(4)
1,435,1800.069/26/2021
9/27/2011(4)
1,435,1800.069/26/2021 
8/7/2014(5)
1,351,2701,891,7783.638/6/2024
8/7/2014(5)
2,972,794270,2543.638/6/2024 
3/15/2016(6)
151,70013.933/14/2026
3/15/2016(6)
104,29447,40613.933/14/2026 
3/15/2016(7)
65,800481,656
3/15/2016(7)
 20,562102,193
William Zerella
6/10/2014(8)
1,091,665810,7612.296/9/2024
8/4/2017(8)
233,333166,6675.638/3/2027 
5/4/2018(10)
 106,157527,600
5/4/2018(11)
 156,494777,775
5/4/2018(12)
 37,050184,139
William Zerella(26)
  
Ronald W. Kisling
8/27/2014(13)
433,6893.638/26/2024 
3/2/2016(14)
 1,4066,988
3/27/2017(15)
 7,50037,275
7/12/2017(16)
 12,50062,125
7/20/2017(17)
 2,86414,234
3/7/2018(18)
 32,250160,283
3/15/2016(6)
88,90013.933/14/2026
3/26/2018(19)
 12,50062,125
3/15/2016(7)
38,600282,552
6/15/2018(20)
 90,000447,300
Andy Missan
3/27/2013(9)
362,72637,6270.283/26/2023
3/27/2013(21)
195,1750.283/26/2023 
11/21/2013(9)
82,8378,3101.2711/20/2023
11/21/2013(21)
91,1471.2711/20/2023 
2/27/2015(10)
150,0007.372/26/2025
3/15/2016(7)
 5,68728,264
3/15/2016(6)
41,80013.933/14/2026
3/22/2017(22)
 52,083258,853
3/15/2016(7)
18,200133,224
7/20/2017(23)
 24,914123,823
Edward M. Scal
11/10/2010(11)
891,4470.0511/9/2020
11/14/2011(12)
212,3700.0611/13/2021
7/20/2017(24)
 11,40056,658
3/22/2013(13)
561,2010.283/21/2023
7/20/2017(24)
 13,73068,238
8/7/2014(14)
349,996850,0043.638/6/2024
8/4/2017(9)
 52,083258,853
3/15/2016(6)
69,70013.933/14/2026
5/4/2018(12)
 67,500335,475
Jeff Devine
3/22/2017(25)
 51,562256,263
3/15/2016(7)
30,300221,796
8/4/2017(9)
 16,66782,835
5/4/2018(12)
 75,000372,750


(1)
All of the outstanding equity awards described in this table were granted under our Amended and Restated 2007 Stock Plan, or 2007 Plan, or our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, or 2015 Plan. In addition, these awards are subject to acceleration benefits upon certain qualifying terminations of employment as described in the section titled “—Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control.”
(2) 
Represents the fair market value of a share of our common stock as determined by our board of directors, on the grant date.
(3) 
Reflects the fair market value of outstanding RSUs or PSUs, based on the closing price of our Class A common stock of $7.32$4.97 per share, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on December 30, 2016.31, 2018. These amounts do not correspond to the actual value that may be realized by our named executive officers.
(4) 
1/4th4th of the total number of shares subject to the stock option vested on September 27, 2012 and the remaining shares subject to the stock option vest at a rate of 1/48th48th of the total number of shares subject to the stock option on each month thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.  


(5) 
1/48th48th of the total number of shares subject to the stock option vested on May 1, 2015 and the remaining shares subject to the stock option vest at a rate of 1/48th48th of the total number of shares subject to the stock option on each month thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(6) 
1/4th4th of the total number of shares subject to the stock option vested on March 15, 2017 and the remaining shares subject to the stock option vest at a rate of 1/16th16th of the total number of shares subject to the stock option on each quarter thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(7) 
1/4th4th of the total number of RSUs vested on March 15, 2017 and the remaining shares subject to the RSU award vest at a rate of 1/16th16th of the total number of shares subject to the RSU award on each quarter thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(8) 
The stock option vests as to 1/4th12th of the total number of shares quarterly starting March 15, 2017, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(9)
1/12th of the total number of RSUs vested on August 4, 2017, an additional 1/12th of the total number of RSUs vested on September 15, 2017, and the remaining shares subject to the RSU vest at a rate of 1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the RSU quarterly thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(10)
The PSUs are subject to (i) service-based vesting over 3 years with 1/12 vesting on each quarterly anniversary of the date of grant, and (ii) on each such vesting date, the achievement of a performance-based vesting requirement based on a stock price hurdle equal to or greater than $8 as determined under set guidelines. Any portion of the PSUs that do not vest on an applicable vesting date will again be eligible to vest on the next scheduled vesting date, subject to the continuing employment on each vesting date. Shares of our Class A common stock will be delivered upon vesting. Any portion of the PSUs that is unvested following the last vesting date will be immediately forfeited.
(11) The PSUs are subject to (i) service-based vesting over 3 years with 1/12 vesting on each quarterly anniversary of the date of grant, and (ii) on each such vesting date, the achievement of a performance-based vesting requirement based on a stock price hurdle equal to or greater than $10 as determined under set guidelines. Any portion of the PSUs that do not vest on an applicable vesting date will again be eligible to vest on the next scheduled vesting date, subject to the continuing employment on each vesting date. Shares of our Class A common stock will be delivered upon vesting. Any portion of the PSUs that is unvested following the last vesting date will be immediately forfeited.
(12) 1/12th of the total number of RSUs granted vested on June 15, 2018, and the remaining shares subject to the RSU award vest at a rate of 1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the RSU award on each quarter thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(13)
1/4th of the total number of shares subject to the stock option vested on June 9,August 22, 2015 and the remaining shares subject to the stock option vest at a rate of 1/48th48th of the total number of shares subject to the stock option on each month thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.


(14) 1/4th of the RSUs vested on March 15, 2017, and the remaining shares subject to the RSU award vest at a rate of 1/16th of the total number of shares subject to the RSU award on each quarter thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(15) 1/4th of the RSUs vested on September 15, 2017, and thereafter vested and shall continue to vest in equal semi-annual installments beginning on March 15, 2018, until such time as the RSUs are 100% vested, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(16) 1/12th of the RSUs vested on August 15, 2017, and the remaining shares subject to the RSU award vest at a rate of 1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the RSU award on each quarter thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(17) 1/11th of the RSUs vested on October 15, 2017, and the remaining shares subject to the RSU award vest at a rate of 1/11th of the total number of shares subject to the RSU award on each quarter thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(18) 1/12th of the RSUs vested on June 15, 2018, and the remaining shares subject to the RSU award vest at a rate of 1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the RSU award on each quarter thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(19) 1/12th of the RSUs vested on July 15, 2018, and the remaining shares subject to the RSU award vest at a rate of 1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the RSU award on each quarter thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(20) 1/12th of the RSUs vested on September 15, 2018, and the remaining shares subject to the RSU award vest at a rate of 1/12th of the total number of shares subject to the RSU award on each quarter thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(21) 1/4th of the total number of shares subject to the stock option vested on March 26, 2014 and the remaining shares subject to the stock option vest at a rate of 1/48th of the total number of shares subject to the stock option on each month thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(9)(22) 
The RSU vests as to 1/4th12th of the total number of shares subject to the option vested on March 26, 2014 and the remaining shares subject to the option vest at a rate of 1/48th of the total number of shares subject to the option on each month thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(10)
The stock option vests as to 1/36th of the total number of shares monthlyquarterly starting on March 26,June 15, 2017, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(11)(23) 
The RSU, granted as a result of the stock option exchange program, vests as to 1/4th10th of the total number of shares subject to the option vested on October 19, 2011 and the remaining shares subject to the option vest at a rate of 1/48th of the total number of shares subject to the option on each month thereafter,quarterly starting July 15, 2017, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(12)(24) 
The RSU, granted as a result of the stock option exchange program, vests as to 1/4th11th of the total number of shares subject to the option vested on October 19, 2012 and the remaining shares subject to the option vest at a rate of 1/48th of the total number of shares subject to the option on each month thereafter,quarterly starting July 15, 2017, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(13)
1/4th of the total number of shares subject to the option vested on January 1, 2013 and the remaining shares subject to the option vest at a rate of 1/48th of the total number of shares subject to the option on each month thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(14)
1/4th of the total number of shares subject to the option vested on November 19, 2015 and the remaining shares subject to the option vest at a rate of 1/48th of the total number of shares subject to the option on each month thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.

On(25) 1/3rd of the total number of RSUs vested on March 22, 2017, our compensation committee approved15, 2018 and granted anthe remaining shares subject to the RSU settleable for 125,000 sharesaward vest at a rate of Class A common stock to Andy Missan. 1/36th 12th of the total number of shares subject to the RSU award vest and settle quarterly,on each quarter thereafter, subject to continued service to us through each vesting date.
(26) Mr. Zerella’s employment as our Chief Financial Officer ended with us on June 15, 2018. He had no outstanding and unexercised stock options or outstanding RSU awards as of December 31, 2018.




Stock Option Exercises and Stock Vested Table
The following table presents, for each of our named executive officers, the number of shares of our common stock acquired upon the exercise of stock options or vesting and settlement of RSUs during 20162018 and the aggregate value realized upon the exercise of stock options and the vesting and settlement of RSUs. None of the outstanding RSUs held by our named executive officers vested and settled in 2016.
Option AwardsStock Option Awards Stock Awards
NameNumber of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#)
Value Realized on Exercise
($)(1)(2)
Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#)
Value Realized on Exercise
($)(1)(2)
 
Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting
(#)
Value Realized on Vesting
($)(3)
James Park



 123,542
718,842
Eric N. Friedman



 28,800
168,565
William Zerella

1,902,426
5,525,489
 37,325
250,955
Ronald W. Kisling

 57,617
315,380
Andy Missan135,000
1,845,671
70,000
357,264
 147,068
846,186
Edward M. Scal

Jeff Devine

 111,771
635,266

(1) These values assume that the fair market value of the Class B common stock underlying certain of the stock options, which is not listed or approved for trading on or with any securities exchange or association, is equal to the fair market value of our Class A common stock. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible into one share of Class A common stock at any time at the option of the holder or upon certain transfers of such shares.
(2) The aggregate value realized upon the exercise of ana stock option represents the difference between the aggregate market price of the shares of our Class B common stock, assumed to be equal to our Class A common stock as described in footnote (1) above, on the date of exercise and the aggregate exercise price of the stock option.

(3) The aggregate value realized upon the vesting and settlement of an RSU represents the aggregate market value of Class A common stock on the vesting date, which was determined using the closing price on the NYSE of a share of Class A common stock on the date prior to the day of vesting, or if such day is a weekend or holiday, on the immediately preceding trading day. Of the amount shown for Messrs. Park, Friedman, Zerella, Kisling, Missan, and Devine, $362,405, $97,654, $203,637, $205,280, $487,058, and $396,742, respectively, represent net proceeds after shares withheld for taxes.
Offer Letters and Employment Agreements
Currently, we only have offer letter agreements with the following named executive officers: Mr. ZerellaKisling, Mr. Missan and Mr. Missan.Devine. All of our named executive officers other than Mr. Scal who is no longer employed by us, are employed on an at-will basis, with no fixed term of employment. Each of our named executive officers will receive benefits upon certain qualifying terminations of employment as described in the section titled “—Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control.”
James Park
As a founder, Mr. Park, our President and Chief Executive Officer, did not enter into an offer letter or any other formal arrangement or understanding with us regarding his employment. We currently have no employment agreement with Mr. Park. Mr. Park is an at-will employee. Mr. Park’s annual base salary as of December 31, 20162018 was $775,000$800,000 and his target bonus for 20162018 was $1,162,500.$1,200,000.
Eric N. Friedman
As a founder, Mr. Friedman, our Chief Technology Officer, did not enter into an offer letter or any other formal arrangement or understanding with us regarding his employment. We currently have no employment agreement with Mr. Friedman. Mr. Friedman is an at-will employee. Mr. Friedman’s annual base salary as of December 31, 20162018 was $440,000$455,000 and his target bonus for 20162018 was $330,000.$341,250.
William Zerella

Ronald W. Kisling
Mr. Zerella,Kisling, our Chief Financial Officer, is party to an offer letter with us dated April 24,July 28, 2014. Mr. Zerella’sKisling’s annual base salary as of December 31, 2016June 15, 2018 was $475,000$400,000 and his target bonus for 20162018, pro-rated for that portion of the year he served as our Chief Financial Officer was $356,250.$236,925.
Andy Missan
Mr. Missan, our Executive Vice President and General Counsel, is party to an offer letter with us dated March 15, 2013. Mr. Missan’s annual base salary as of December 31, 20162018 was $390,000$443,000 and his target bonus for 20162018 was $292,500.$332,250.


Edward M. ScalJeff Devine
Mr. Scal,Devine, our former Chief Business Officer, wasExecutive Vice President of Operations, is party to an offer letter with us dated October 9, 2010.January 26, 2017. Mr. Scal’sDevine’s annual base salary as of December 31, 20162018 was $435,000$385,000 and his target bonus for 20162018 was $326,250. Mr. Scal departed from the company on March 31, 2017.$288,750.
Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control
We entered into retention agreements with each of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, which provide for the following payments and benefits upon a qualifying termination of employment, , which means a termination of employment by us without cause or a termination of employment by the executive officer for good reason (as such terms are defined in the retention agreement), outside of a change in control (as such term is defined in the retention agreement) of us in exchange for a customary release of claims:
a lump sum severance payment of 12 months of base salary to our President and Chief Executive Officer and nine months to our other executive officers, including our other named executive officers; and
payment of premiums for continued medical benefits (or equivalent cash payment if applicable law so requires) for up to 12 months to our President and Chief Executive Officer and up to nine months to our other executive officers, including our other named executive officers.
If the executive officer is subject to a qualifying termination within the three months preceding a change in control (but after a legally binding and definitive agreement for a potential change of control has been executed) or within the 12 months following a change in control, the retention agreements provide the following benefits in exchange for a customary release of claims:
a lump sum severance payment of 18 months of base salary to our President and Chief Executive Officer and 12 months to our other executive officers, including our other named executive officers;
a lump sum payment equal to the executive officer’s then-current target bonus opportunity, multiplied by a factor of 150% for our President and Chief Executive Officer and 100% for our other executive officers, including our other named executive officers;
100% acceleration of any then-unvested equity awards for our executive officers, including our named executive officers; and
payment of premiums for continued medical benefits (or equivalent cash payment if applicable law so requires) for up to 18 months to our President and Chief Executive Officer and up to 12 months to our other executive officers, including our other named executive officers.
Each retention agreement is in effect for three years, with automatic three-year renewals unless notice is given by us to the executive officer three months prior to expiration.


The payment and benefits under the retention agreements supersede all other cash severance and vesting acceleration arrangements, except for the stock option awards granted to each of Messrs. Park and Friedman in August 2014, which provide that they will each receive accelerated vesting with respect to 50% of the total number of unvested shares subject to such stock option awards in connection with an involuntary termination (as defined in their respective stock option agreements) of employment 12 months following a change of control (as defined in their respective stock option agreements).
The following table provides information concerning the estimated payments and benefits that would be provided in the circumstances described above for each of our named executive officers. Except where otherwise noted, payments and benefits are estimated assuming that the triggering event took place on December 30, 2016,31, 2018, and the price per share of our Class A common stock is the closing price on the New York Stock Exchange as of December 30, 201631, 2018 ($7.32)4.97). There can be no assurance that a triggering


event would produce the same or similar results as those estimated below if such event occurs on any other date or at any other price, of if any other assumption used to estimate potential payments and benefits is not correct. Due to the number of factors that affect the nature and amount of any potential payments or benefits, any actual payments and benefits may be different.


Upon Qualifying Termination - No Change in ControlUpon Qualifying Termination - Change in ControlUpon Qualifying Termination - No Change in ControlUpon Qualifying Termination - Change in Control
Name
Cash Severance ($)(1)
Continuation of Medical Benefits ($)
Value of Accelerated Vesting ($)(2)
Total ($)
Cash Severance ($)(1)
Bonus Payment($)(3)
Continuation of Medical Benefits ($)
Value of Accelerated Vesting ($)(2)(4)
Total ($)
Cash Severance ($)(1)
Continuation of Medical Benefits ($)
Value of Accelerated Vesting ($)(2)
Total ($)
Cash Severance ($)(1)
Bonus Payment
($)(3)
Continuation of Medical Benefits ($)
Value of Accelerated Vesting
($)(2)(4)(5)
Total ($)
James Park775,000
8,071
3,490,330
4,273,401
1,162,500
1,743,750
12,107
7,878,093
10,796,450
800,000
10,157
180,624
990,781
1,200,000
1,800,000
15,235
6,485,913
9,501,148
Eric N. Friedman330,000
16,250
3,490,330
3,836,580
440,000
330,000
21,667
7,462,317
8,253,984
341,250
22,514
180,624
544,388
455,000
341,250
30,019
2,877,638
3,703,907
William Zerella356,250
18,881

375,131
475,000
356,250
25,175
4,360,680
5,217,105
Ronald W. Kisling300,000
7,618

307,618
400,000
300,000
10,157
790,329
1,500,486
Andy Missan292,500
16,693

309,193
390,000
292,500
22,257
448,394
1,153,151
332,250
22,962

355,212
443,000
332,250
30,616
1,130,163
1,936,029
Edward M. Scal326,250
16,693

342,943
435,000
326,250
22,257
3,358,311
4,141,818
Jeff Devine288,750
78

288,828
385,000
288,750
104
711,848
1,385,702

(1) 
The severance amount related to base salary was determined based on the base salaries in effect on December 31, 2016.2018.
(2) 
The value of accelerated vesting is calculated based on the per share closing price of our Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange as of December 30, 201631, 2018 ($7.32)4.97) less, if applicable, the exercise price of each outstanding stock option.
(3)    The bonus payment amount was determined based on target bonus amounts for 2016.2018.
(4) 
The value of accelerated vesting is calculated excluding any out-of-the money stock options. 784,500510,656 shares subject to stock options as of December 31, 20162018 were excluded of which (i) 282,400296,583 shares were held by Mr. Park and (ii) 151,700214,073 shares were held by Mr. Friedman, (iii) 88,900Friedman.
(5)
The value of accelerated vesting is calculated on achievement of $8 and $10 stock price hurdles and vesting of all PSUs of which (i) 225,568 and 332,453 shares, respectively were held by Mr. Zerella, (iv) 191,800Park for a value of $1,804,544 and $3,324,530, respectively (ii) 106,157 and 156,494 shares, respectively were held by Mr. Missan,Friedman for a value of $849,256 and (v) 69,700 shares were held by Mr. Scal.$1,564,940, respectively.

Limitations on Liability and Indemnification Matters
Our restated certificate of incorporation contains provisions that limit the liability of our directors for monetary damages to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Consequently, our directors are not personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duties as directors, except for liability:
for any breach of their duty of loyalty to our company or our stockholders;
for any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or


for any transaction from which they derived an improper personal benefit.
Any amendment to or repeal of these provisions will not eliminate or reduce the effect of these provisions in respect of any act, omission, or claim that occurred or arose prior to that amendment or repeal. If the Delaware General Corporation Law is amended to provide for further limitations on the personal liability of directors of corporations, then the personal liability of our directors will be further limited to the greatest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law.
 
Our restated bylaws provide that we will indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any person who is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party to any action, suit, or proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she is or was one of our directors or officers or is or was serving at our request as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise. Our restated bylaws provide that we may indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law any person who is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party to any action, suit, or proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she is or was one of our employees or agents or is or was serving at our request as an employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other


enterprise. Our restated bylaws also provide that we must advance expenses incurred by or on behalf of a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of any action or proceeding, subject to very limited exceptions.
 
We have also entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers that are broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the Delaware General Corporation Law. These indemnification agreements require us, among other things, to indemnify our directors and executive officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service. These indemnification agreements also require us to advance all expenses incurred by the directors and executive officers in investigating or defending any such action, suit, or proceeding. We believe that these agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve as directors and executive officers.
 
The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws or in these indemnification agreements may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against our directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and other stockholders. Further, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent that we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers as required by these indemnification provisions.
We have obtained insurance policies under which, subject to the limitations of the policies, coverage is provided to our directors and officers against loss arising from claims made by reason of breach of fiduciary duty or other wrongful acts as a director or officer, including claims relating to public securities matters, and to us with respect to payments that may be made by us to these officers and directors pursuant to our indemnification obligations or otherwise as a matter of law.
Certain of our non-employee directors may, through their relationships with their employers, be insured or indemnified against certain liabilities incurred in their capacity as members of our board of directors.
 
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers, or persons controlling our company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
CEO Pay Ratio
For 2018, the median of the annual total compensation of all employees of our company (other than our CEO) was $141,604 and the annual total compensation of our CEO, James Park, was $3,413,904. Based on this information, for 2018 the ratio of the annual total compensation of our CEO to the median of the annual total compensation of all employees was 24 to 1. This ratio is a reasonable estimate calculated in a manner consistent with SEC rules.
To identify the median of the annual total compensation of all our employees, as well as to determine the annual total compensation of the “median employee,” the methodology and the material assumptions, adjustments and estimates that we used were as follows:


We selected October 1, 2018, as the date upon which we would identify our median employee. We determined a new median employee from last year even though it was not required by the rules to ensure that our median was reflective of our current employee population.
As of October 1, 2018, our employee population consisted of approximately 1,736 individuals, of which 1,242 were in the United States and 494 were outside the United States. In determining our employee population, we considered the employees of our consolidated subsidiaries and all of our worldwide employees other than our CEO, whether employed on a full-time, part-time, temporary or seasonal basis, as of December 31, 2018, except as follows. In reliance on the de minimis exemption in the SEC rules, which permits us to exclude up to 5% of our total employees (1,736 individuals) who are non-U.S. employees, we excluded our three employees in India. We did not include any contractors or other non-employee workers in our employee population.
To identify our “median employee” from our employee population, we used base wages for the period from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018 (including overtime in the case of non-exempt employees), annual bonuses paid for 2018 and commissions paid for the four fiscal quarters of 2018.
We annualized the compensation of employees who were active as of October 1, 2018, but did not work for us or our consolidated subsidiaries for the entire fiscal year.
Amounts paid in foreign currency were converted into United States dollars using exchange rates in effect as of December 31, 2018. We did not make any cost-of-living adjustment.
With respect to the annual total compensation of the “median employee,” we identified and calculated the elements of such employee’s compensation for 2018 in accordance with the requirements of Item 402(c)(2)(x) of Regulation S-K, resulting in annual total compensation of $141,604.
With respect to the annual total compensation for our CEO, we used the amount reported in the “Total” column of our Summary Compensation Table for Fiscal Year 2018.
Because SEC rules for identifying the median of the annual total compensation of all employees allow companies to adopt a variety of methodologies, apply certain exclusions and make reasonable estimates and assumptions that reflect their employee population and compensation practices, the pay ratio reported by other companies may not be comparable to our pay ratio, as other companies have different employee populations and compensation practices and may have used different methodologies, exclusions, estimates and assumptions in calculating their pay ratios.
Rule 10b5-1 Sales Plans
Certain of our executive officers and directors have adopted written plans, known as Rule 10b5-1 plans, in which they will contract with a broker to buy or sell shares of our common stock on a periodic basis. Under a Rule 10b5-1 plan, a broker executes trades pursuant to parameters established by the director or executive officer when entering into the plan, without further direction from them. The director or executive officer may amend or terminate the plan in specified circumstances. Our executive officers and directors are required to conduct all purchase or sale transactions under a Rule 10b5-1 plan.




REPORT OF THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE
This report of the compensation committee is required by the SEC and, in accordance with the SEC’s rules, will not be deemed to be part of or incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this Proxy Statement into any filing under the Securities Act or under the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate this information by reference, and will not otherwise be deemed “soliciting material” or “filed” under either the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
Our compensation committee has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis required by Item 402(b) of Regulation S-K with management and based on such review and discussions, the compensation committee recommended to our board of directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Proxy Statement.
Submitted by the Compensation Committee
Jonathan D. CallaghanBradley Fluegel (Chair)
Laura Alber
Christopher PaisleyMatthew Bromberg
Steven Murray







EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
The following table presents information as of December 31, 20162018 with respect to compensation plans under which shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock may be issued.
Plan category
Number of
securities
to be issued upon
exercise
of outstanding
options, warrants
and rights(#)
Weighted-average
exercise price
of outstanding
options, warrants
and rights($)(1)
Number of securities
remaining available
for future
issuance under
equity compensation
plans
(excluding securities
reflected in
column(a))(#)
Number of
securities
to be issued upon
exercise
of outstanding
stock options, warrants
and rights(#)
Weighted-average
exercise price
of outstanding
stock options, warrants
and rights($)(1)
Number of securities
remaining available
for future
issuance under
equity compensation
plans
(excluding securities
reflected in
column(a)(#)
(a)(b)(c)(a)(b)(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(2)
46,032,357
$3.85
6,711,394(3)

34,634,412
3.00
19,255,545(3)

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(4)


450,000
5.23

Total46,032,357
$3.856,711,394
35,084,412
3.03
19,255,545
                         
_____________________

(1) 
The weighted-average exercise price does not reflect the shares that will be issued in connection with the settlement of RSUs, since RSUs have no exercise price.
(2) 
Includes our 2007 Plan and 2015 Plan. Excludes purchase rights accruing under our 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or 2015 ESPP.
(3) 
There are no shares of common stock available for issuance under our 2007 Plan, but that plan will continue to govern the terms of stock options and RSUs granted thereunder. Any shares of Class B common stock that are subject to outstanding awards under the 2007 Plan that are issuable upon the exercise of stock options that expire or become unexercisable for any reason without having been exercised in full will generally be available for future grant and issuance as shares of Class A common stock under our 2015 Plan. In addition, the number of shares reserved for issuance under our 2015 Plan increased automatically by 11,283,16312,618,142 on January 1, 20172019 and will increase automatically on the first day of January of each of 20182019 through 2025 by the number of shares equal to 5% of the total issued and outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock as of the immediately preceding December 31 or a lower number approved by our board of directors. As of December 31, 2016,2018, there were 4,459,5624,342,862 shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2015 ESPP. The number of shares reserved for issuance under our 2015 ESPP increased automatically by 2,256,6322,523,628 on January 1, 20172019 and will increase automatically on the first day of January of each year during the term of the 2015 ESPP by the number of shares equal to 1% of the total outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock as of the immediately preceding December 31 or a lower number approved by our board of directors.
(4)
On July 10, 2017, the company issued a warrant to Granite Peak Technologies, LLC, an accredited investor, to purchase 450,000 shares of our Class A common stock. The warrant is exercisable based on service and performance-based conditions and has an exercise price of $5.23 per share and a contractual term of ten years. The company believes that the issuance and sale of the warrant is exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) thereunder. The recipient of the warrant represented its intentions to acquire the warrant for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and appropriate legends were placed upon the warrant issued in this transaction.





RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Other than the executive officer and director compensation arrangements discussed above under “Executive Compensation” and “Proposal No. 1—Election of Directors—Director Compensation,” respectively, and the transaction described below, which our audit committee reviewed and approved, since January 1, 2016,2018, we have not been a party to and there are no currently proposed transactionsany other transaction, in which:
the amount involved exceedsexceeded $120,000; and
anyone or more of our directors, executive officers, or holders of more than 5% of our capital stock, or any immediate family member of or person sharing the household with any of these individuals, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.
There are no other currently proposed transactions which meet the above criteria.
BigCommerce, Inc. SaaS Agreement
In 2018, we entered into a SaaS Agreement with BigCommerce, Inc. for a fixed fee of approximately $1.2 million. Steven Murray, a member of our board of directors and our lead independent director, is a board member of BigCommerce, Inc. and also has financial interests in BigCommerce, Inc. through affiliated venture capital firms. Our audit committee reviewed and approved this transaction.
Review, Approval, or Ratification of Transactions with Related Parties
 
Our related-person transactions policy and the charter of our audit committee require that any transaction with a related person that must be reported under applicable rules of the SEC must be reviewed and approved or ratified by our audit committee, unless the related party is, or is associated with, a member of that committee, in which event the transaction must be reviewed and approved by another independent body of the board of directors.
 




REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE
The information contained in the following report of our audit committee is not considered to be “soliciting material,” “filed,” or incorporated by reference in any past or future filing by us under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act unless and only to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference.
The audit committee has reviewed and discussed with our management and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, or PwC, our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016.2018. The audit committee has also discussed with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP the matters required to be discussed under the Auditing Standard No. 1301 as adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (Communications with Audit Committees).
The audit committee has received and reviewed the written disclosures and the letter from PwC required by applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding the independent accountant’s communications with the audit committee concerning independence, and has discussed with PwC its independence from us.
Based on the review and discussions referred to above, the audit committee recommended to the board of directors that the audited financial statements be included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162018 for filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.SEC.
Submitted by the Audit Committee
Christopher Paisley (Chair)
Glenda Flanagan
Steven Murray




ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Stockholder Proposals to be Presented at Next Annual Meeting
Our restated bylaws provide that, for stockholder nominations to the board of directors or other proposals to be considered at an annual meeting, the stockholder must give timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary at Fitbit, Inc., 405 Howard199 Fremont Street, 14th Floor, San Francisco, CACalifornia 94105, Attn: Secretary.
To be timely for our 20182020 annual meeting of stockholders, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received by our Secretary at our principal executive offices not earlier than 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time on February 9, 20188, 2020 and not later than 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time on March 11, 2018.9, 2020. A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must set forth each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting and the information required by our restated bylaws.
Stockholder proposals submitted pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and intended to be presented at our 20182020 annual meeting of stockholders must be received by the Secretary no later than December 14, 201713, 2019 in order to be considered for inclusion in our proxy materials for that annual meeting.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors, executive officers and any persons who own more than 10% of our common stock, to file initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership with the SEC. Such persons are required by SEC regulation to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms that they file. Based solely on itsour review of the copies of such forms furnished to us and written representations from the directors and executive officers, we believe that all Section 16(a) filing requirements were timely met in 20162018 other than late Formsone amendment to a Form 4 filed by Timothy Roberts, our former Executive Vice President, Interactive,Mr. Fluegel to report option exercisescorrect the number of RSUs reported on Aprilthe initial and timely filed Form 4 2016 and May 2, 2016.one amendment to a Form 4 filed by Mr. Bromberg to correct the number of RSUs reported on the initial and timely filed Form 4.
Available Information
We will mail without charge, upon written request, a copy of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2018, including the financial statements and list of exhibits, and any exhibit specifically requested. Requests should be sent to:
Fitbit, Inc.
405 Howard199 Fremont Street, 14th Floor
San Francisco, California 94105
Attn: Investor Relations

“Householding” — Stockholders Sharing the Same Last Name and Address
The SEC has adopted rules that permit companies and intermediaries (such as brokers) to implement a delivery procedure called “householding.” Under this procedure, multiple stockholders who reside at the same address may receive a single copy of our annual report and proxy materials, including the Notice of Internet Availability, unless the affected stockholder has provided contrary instructions. This procedure reduces printing costs and postage fees, and helps protect the environment as well.

This year, a number of brokers with account holders who are our stockholders will be “householding” our annual report and proxy materials, including the Notice of Internet Availability. A single Notice of Internet Availability and, if applicable, a single set of annual report and other proxy materials will be delivered to multiple stockholders sharing an address unless contrary instructions have been received from the affected stockholders. Once you have received notice from your broker that it will be “householding” communications to your address, “householding” will continue until you are notified otherwise or until you revoke your consent. Stockholders may revoke their consent at any time by contacting Broadridge by calling (800) 542-1061(866) 540-7095 or writing to Broadridge, Householding Department, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, New York, 11717.



Upon written or oral request, we will promptly deliver a separate copy of the Notice of Internet Availability and, if applicable, annual report and other proxy materials to any stockholder at a shared address to which a single copy of any of those documents was delivered. To receive a separate copy of the Notice of Internet Availability and, if applicable, annual report and other proxy materials, you may write our Investor Relations department at 405 Howard199 Fremont Street, 14th Floor, San Francisco, California 94105, Attn: Investor Relations or call (415) 604-4106.
Any stockholders who share the same address and currently receive multiple copies of our Notice of Internet Availability or annual report and other proxy materials who wish to receive only one copy in the future can contact their bank, broker, or other holder of record to request information about householding or our Investor Relations department at the address or telephone number listed above.




OTHER MATTERS
The board of directors does not presently intend to bring any other business before the Annual Meeting and, so far as is known to the board of directors, no matters are to be brought before the Annual Meeting except as specified in the Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders. As to any business that may arise and properly come before the Annual Meeting, however, it is intended that proxies, in the form enclosed, will be voted in respect thereof in accordance with the judgment of the persons voting such proxies.





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